Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the children and adolescents aged 7–18 years (n 5258) from three cities in urban China, September 2013–June 2014
| Total (n 5258) | Boys (n 2578) | Girls (n 2680) | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | ||
| Age (years) | 11·45 | 0·05 | 11·38 | 0·07 | 11·52 | 0·06 | 0·119 |
| SSB intake | |||||||
| Participants (ml/d) | 97·27 | 2·33 | 122·79 | 3·87 | 72·72 | 2·27 | <0·001† |
| Parents (ml/d) | 47·28 | 1·40 | 51·43 | 2·19 | 43·29 | 1·76 | <0·001† |
| Anthropometry | |||||||
| Height (cm) | 149·71 | 0·23 | 151·57 | 0·37 | 147·92 | 0·28 | <0·001‡ |
| Weight (kg) | 44·30 | 0·23 | 46·62 | 0·37 | 42·07 | 0·28 | <0·001‡ |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 19·05 | 0·06 | 19·48 | 0·09 | 18·64 | 0·07 | <0·001‡ |
| WC (cm) | 67·20 | 0·16 | 68·75 | 0·25 | 65·71 | 0·19 | <0·001‡ |
| SBP (mmHg) | 103·94 | 0·17 | 105·80 | 0·25 | 102·15 | 0·23 | <0·001‡ |
| DBP (mmHg) | 65·55 | 0·12 | 66·23 | 0·17 | 64·89 | 0·16 | <0·001‡ |
| Biochemistry | |||||||
| TAG (mmol/l) | 0·91 | 0·01 | 0·88 | 0·01 | 0·94 | 0·01 | <0·001‡ |
| HDL-C (mmol/l) | 1·36 | 0·00 | 1·35 | 0·01 | 1·38 | 0·01 | <0·001‡ |
| FG (mmol/l) | 4·82 | 0·01 | 4·89 | 0·01 | 4·75 | 0·01 | <0·001‡ |
| n | % | n | % | n | % | ||
| MetS prevalence | 142 | 2·7 | 85 | 3·3 | 57 | 2·1 | 0·009§ |
| Parental attitudes | 0·116 | ||||||
| Always | 637 | 12·1 | 334 | 13·0 | 303 | 11·3 | 0·067 |
| Sometimes | 2464 | 46·9 | 1213 | 47·1 | 1251 | 46·7 | 0·786 |
| Never | 2157 | 41·0 | 1031 | 40·0 | 1126 | 42·0 | 0·136 |
| Paternal education level | 0·890 | ||||||
| Primary school or below | 230 | 4·4 | 114 | 4·4 | 116 | 4·3 | 0·868 |
| Middle school or high school | 3100 | 59·0 | 1527 | 59·2 | 1537 | 58·7 | 0·692 |
| Junior college or above | 1928 | 36·7 | 937 | 36·3 | 991 | 37·0 | 0·635 |
| Maternal education level | 0·222 | ||||||
| Primary school or below | 386 | 7·3 | 204 | 7·9 | 182 | 6·8 | 0·119 |
| Middle school or High school | 2990 | 56·9 | 1444 | 56·0 | 1546 | 57·7 | 0·220 |
| Junior college or above | 1882 | 35·8 | 930 | 36·1 | 952 | 35·5 | 0·676 |
| Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | ||
| Dietary intake | |||||||
| Fruits (servings/d) | 1·0 | 0·7–2·0 | 1·0 | 0·7–2·0 | 1·0 | 0·7–2·0 | 0·133 |
| Vegetables (servings/d) | 2·0 | 1·0–2·0 | 2·0 | 1·0–2·0 | 2·0 | 1·0–2·0 | 0·701 |
| Meat (servings/d) | 1·0 | 0·6–1·7 | 1·0 | 0·6–1·7 | 1·0 | 0·5–1·1 | <0·001† |
| Dairy products (d/week) | 5·0 | 3·0–5·0 | 5·0 | 3·0–7·0 | 5·0 | 2·0–7·0 | 0·091 |
| High-energy foods (d/week) | 2·0 | 1·0–3·0 | 2·0 | 1·0–3·0 | 2·0 | 1·0–3·0 | <0·004† |
| Fried foods (d/week) | 1·0 | 0·0–2·0 | 1·0 | 0·0–2·0 | 1·0 | 0·0–2·0 | 0·007† |
| Physical activity | |||||||
| Intensive physical activity (h/week) | 2·0 | 0·5–4·2 | 2·3 | 0·9–5·0 | 1·5 | 0·2–3·5 | <0·001† |
| Moderate physical activity (h/week) | 2·0 | 0·8–4·0 | 2·0 | 0·8–4·7 | 2·0 | 0·7–3·5 | <0·001† |
| Walking (h/week) | 3·5 | 1·3–7·0 | 3·5 | 1·5–7·0 | 3·5 | 1·3–7·0 | 0·064 |
| Sedentary behaviour (h/d) | 6·0 | 2·3–9·0 | 6·0 | 2·0–9·0 | 6·2 | 2·5–9·0 | 0·037† |
SSB, sugar-sweetened beverage; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, HDL-cholesterol; FG, fasting glucose; MetS, metabolic syndrome; IQR, interquartile range.
†
P < 0·05, assessed by the Mann–Whitney U test.
‡
P < 0·05, assessed by the t test.
§
P < 0·05, assessed by the χ2 test.