Table 4.
Multivariate logistic regression analysis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake among children and adolescents aged 7–18 years (n 5258) from three cities in urban China, September 2013–June 2014
| Non-SSB drinker (0 servings/d) (n 1756) | Medium intake (0–0·3 servings/d) (n 1931) | High intake (>0·3 servings/d) (n 1571) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | OR | 95 % CI | |
| Abdominal obesity | ||||||
| Model 1 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·03 | 0·88, 1·20 | 1·31* | 1·12, 1·53 |
| Model 2 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·03 | 0·88, 1·20 | 1·35* | 1·14, 1·59 |
| Model 3 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·03 | 0·88, 1·20 | 1·36* | 1·15, 1·61 |
| Model 4 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·09 | 0·93, 1·28 | 1·55* | 1·28, 1·83 |
| Low HDL-C | ||||||
| Model 1 | 1·00 | Ref. | 0·96 | 0·81, 1·15 | 1·15 | 0·96, 1·39 |
| Model 2 | 1·00 | Ref. | 0·94 | 0·78, 1·13 | 0·88 | 0·73, 1·07 |
| Model 3 | 1·00 | Ref. | 0·91 | 0·76, 1·09 | 0·86 | 0·71, 1·05 |
| Model 4 | 1·00 | Ref. | 0·93 | 0·77, 1·13 | 0·94 | 0·76, 1·15 |
| Hypertriacylglycerolaemia | ||||||
| Model 1 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·03 | 0·71, 1·37 | 1·24 | 0·93, 1·66 |
| Model 2 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·02 | 0·76, 1·36 | 1·08 | 0·79, 1·46 |
| Model 3 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·02 | 0·76, 1·37 | 1·10 | 0·80, 1·50 |
| Model 4 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·06 | 0·79, 1·43 | 1·17 | 0·85, 1·63 |
| Elevated FG | ||||||
| Model 1 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·26 | 0·87, 1·83 | 1·64* | 1·14, 2·37 |
| Model 2 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·22 | 0·84, 1·76 | 1·11 | 0·76, 1·63 |
| Model 3 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·19 | 0·82, 1·74 | 1·10 | 0·74, 1·64 |
| Model 4 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·18 | 0·80, 1·73 | 1·11 | 0·73, 1·68 |
| High blood pressure | ||||||
| Model 1 | 1·00 | Ref. | 0·78 | 0·53, 1·17 | 1·41 | 0·98, 2·04 |
| Model 2 | 1·00 | Ref. | 0·73 | 0·48, 1·09 | 0·75 | 0·51, 1·10 |
| Model 3 | 1·00 | Ref. | 0·69 | 0·45, 1·02 | 0·70 | 0·47, 1·05 |
| Model 4 | 1·00 | Ref· | 0·69 | 0·46, 1·04 | 0·76 | 0·50, 1·17 |
| MetS | ||||||
| Model 1 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·10 | 0·75, 1·69 | 1·63* | 1·08, 2·46 |
| Model 2 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·06 | 0·69, 1·54 | 1·21 | 0·79, 1·86 |
| Model 3 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·12 | 0·73, 1·73 | 1·35 | 0·87, 2·12 |
| Model 4 | 1·00 | Ref. | 1·18 | 0·76, 1·83 | 1·60* | 1·03, 2·54 |
HDL-C, HDL-cholesterol; FG, fasting glucose; Ref., reference category.
Model 1, crude model; Model 2, adjusted for age and gender; Model 3, Model 2 + adjusted for parental educational level, their attitudes towards SSB and their SSB intake; Model 4, Model 3 + adjusted for dietary intake (intake and frequency of fruits, vegetables, meat, dairy products, high-energy foods and fried foods), physical activity (frequency of intensive physical activity, moderate physical activity and walking).
P < 0·05, assessed by multivariate logistic regression.