Table 3.
Percentage of the total population and of ready-to-eat (RTE) cereal eaters below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for nutrients fortified in RTE cereal for the US population aged ≥1 year*
| Total population aged ≥1 year (n 8167) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Zero fortification† | Optimized fortification† | ||||
| Nutrient | % below EAR | se (%) | % below EAR | se (%) | % below EAR | se (%) |
| Vitamin A | 39·5 | 1·8 | 47·2 | 1·8 | 44·0 | 1·8 |
| Thiamin | 6·8 | 0·9 | 9·5 | 0·9 | 8·0 | 0·9 |
| Riboflavin | 3·1 | 0·5 | 3·9 | 0·5 | 3·7 | 0·5 |
| Niacin | 1·3 | 0·3 | 2·2 | 0·3 | 1·9 | 0·3 |
| Vitamin B6 | 8·6 | 0·8 | 13·6 | 0·9 | 10·8 | 0·9 |
| Folate | 12·1 | 1·3 | 19·9 | 1·1 | 16·8 | 1·2 |
| Vitamin B12 | 4·7 | 0·7 | 7·0 | 0·7 | 6·2 | 0·7 |
| Vitamin C | 41·4 | 1·5 | 43·4 | 1·5 | 42·0 | 1·5 |
| Vitamin D | 93·7 | 0·7 | 95·3 | 0·6 | 93·8 | 0·7 |
| Ca | 43·3 | 1·4 | 44·6 | 1·3 | 43·6 | 1·3 |
| Fe | 3·5 | 0·6 | 6·1 | 0·5 | 4·4 | 0·5 |
| Zn | 16·9 | 1·5 | 22·4 | 1·2 | 18·6 | 1·4 |
Data are from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014, excluding pregnant and lactating women, using self-reported food intake from the first 24 h dietary recall. Data by age group (toddlers aged 1–3 years, children aged 4–12 years, adolescents aged 13–18 years and adults aged ≥19 years) are available in the online supplementary materials.
For the zero-fortification scenario, we modelled removing all fortification of the nutrients listed in this table. In the optimized fortification scenario, we modelled fortification levels of 10 % of the Daily Value for vitamins A, C and D, riboflavin, niacin and Ca, and 20 % of the Daily Value for thiamin, vitamins B6 and B12, folic acid, Fe and Zn.
RTE cereal consumers were identified as those who reported consuming any quantity of RTE cereal in their first 24 h dietary recall in NHANES 2013–2014.