Table 6.
Coefficients and se from first difference regressions of daily energy content from food, total daily energy content and daily HEI-2010 score on meal skipping indicators and other intake characteristics, meals defined using time of day
| (1) | (2) | (3) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daily energy content (food only) | Total daily energy content (food and drinks) | Daily HEI-2010 | ||||
| Coefficient | se | Coefficient | se | Coefficient | se | |
| Skip breakfast | −695·89*** | 81·92 | −684·67*** | 99·70 | −1·63*** | 0·34 |
| Skip lunch | −820·30*** | 106·32 | −871·60*** | 122·04 | −1·22*** | 0·41 |
| Skip dinner | −772·73*** | 171·00 | −631·86*** | 198·48 | −2·44*** | 0·78 |
| Skip breakfast and lunch | −590·62*** | 214·49 | −668·07*** | 238·29 | 0·26 | 0·73 |
| Skip breakfast and dinner | −555·26** | 245·88 | −903·61*** | 246·48 | 1·02 | 1·01 |
| Skip lunch and dinner | −734·94 | 943·86 | −1089·26 | 870·10 | −4·22 | 2·75 |
| Skip breakfast, lunch and dinner | 1243·72 | 989·58 | 1924·99** | 934·42 | 1·20 | 3·57 |
| Number of snacks in the day | 628·43*** | 30·86 | 663·21*** | 31·71 | 0·82*** | 0·13 |
| Ratio of FAFH meals | 11·92*** | 1·04 | 14·69*** | 1·36 | −0·06*** | 0·01 |
| Weekend | 264·81*** | 46·48 | 410·14*** | 53·60 | −2·04*** | 0·22 |
| Constant | −147·63*** | 42·39 | −343·12*** | 43·25 | 0·75*** | 0·18 |
| Observations | 23 488 | 23 488 | 23 488 | |||
| R 2 | 0·09 | 0·09 | 0·04 | |||
| Calculated full effect | ||||||
| Skipping breakfast and lunch | −2106·82*** | 178·05 | −2224·35*** | 185·56 | −2·59*** | 0·69 |
| Skipping breakfast and dinner | −2023·88*** | 241·66 | −2220·14*** | 251·01 | −3·04*** | 0·76 |
| Skipping lunch and dinner | −2327·98*** | 858·81 | −2592·72*** | 744·83 | −7·88*** | 2·70 |
| Skipping breakfast, lunch and dinner | −2926·03*** | 451·04 | −2924·08*** | 475·19 | −7·01*** | 2·36 |
HEI, Healthy Eating Index; FAFH, food-away-from-home.
The ratio of FAFH meals =
.
se account for complex survey design. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dietary intake day 2 weights (wtdr2d) were used to compute nationally representative estimates.
Source: Authors’ calculations using data from the 2007–2016 NHANES.
***P < 0·01, **P < 0·05, *P < 0·1.