Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies
| Study abbreviation | Country | Year(s) of study | Brief study description | Sample size* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ARG(25) | Argentina | 2005–2006 | HIV-positive and HIV-negative drug users in Buenos Aires, Argentina | 204 |
| BAN(26) | Bangladesh | 2012 | Patients of the Dhaka Hospital of the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh | 650 |
| GUI-HIV(13) | Guinea-Bissau | 2007–2009 | ART-naïve, HIV-infected patients in Guinea-Bissau | 1055 |
| GUI-TBC(27) | Guinea-Bissau | 2014 | Healthy controls and household contacts of TB patients in Guinea-Bissau | 769 |
| IND-BKW(28) | India | 2014–2016 | Adult male brick-kiln workers in Murishdabad district, West Bengal, India | 501 |
| IND-FSD(9) | India | 2006 | Female slum dwellers in Midnapore Town, West Bengal, India | 333 |
| IND-IDU(29) | India | 2007 | Current and former male IDU in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India | 374 |
| IND-MSD(10) | India | 2003–2004 | Male slum dwellers in Kolkata, India | 474 |
| IND-ORA(30) | India | 2007 | Oraon men of Gumla District, Jharkhand, India | 205 |
| IND-SDW(31) | India | 2015–2017 | Male and female slum dwellers in Midnapore Town, Paschim Midnapore, West Bengal, India | 992 |
| IND-UNI† | India | 2013–2014 | University students in Midnapore Town, West Bengal, India | 599 |
| MAL-HNW† | Malawi | 2008–2010 | ART-naïve, HIV-infected adults without wasting in three districts in Malawi (Lilongwe, Mzuzu and Kasungu) | 329 |
| MAL-HWW(32) | Malawi | 2006–2007 | ART-naïve, HIV-infected adults with wasting and MUAC < 22·0 cm in Mangochi, Malawi | 186 |
| NAM† | Namibia | 2014 | Adults recruited from bar district in Windhoek, Namibia | 407 |
| SAF(33) | South Africa | 2002 | Free-living and institutionalised elderly black South Africans in Cape Town, South Africa | 283 |
| USA-HIV(34) | United States | 2001–2013 | HIV-infected adults in the Greater Boston area, United States | 553 |
| USA-IDU(35) | United States | 2005–2007 | Current and former IDU in the United States in Boston, MA; Baltimore, MD; and Providence, RI | 520 |
| VIE-FEM(36) | Vietnam | 2011–2012 | Non-pregnant females of reproductive age in Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam | 4926 |
| VIE-IDU(37) | Vietnam | 2006–2008 | Current and former male IDU in Hanoi, Vietnam | 297 |
| ZAM† | Zambia | 2009–2010 | HIV-infected adults with wasting in Lusaka, Zambia | 182 |
ART, antiretroviral therapy; IDU, injection drug user; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference.
*
This refers to the total number of observations with MUAC measurements. Missing values on individual variables (e.g. BMI) may slightly reduce the numbers for analysis. Total N 13 835.
†
Study has not been published yet. See online Supplemental Table 1 for complete descriptions of unpublished studies.