Table 1.
Characteristics of participants, aged ≥19 years, from the 1998 to 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES)
| KNHANES | ||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I (1998) |
II (2001) |
III (2005) |
IV (2007–2009) |
V (2010–2012) |
VI (2013–2015) |
VII (2016) |
P for trend* | |||||||||
| n, mean or % | se | n, mean or % | se | n, mean or % | se | n, mean or % | se | n, mean or % | se | n, mean or % | se | n, mean or % | se | 1998 to 2016 | 2007–2009 to 2016 | |
| Men | 3480 | 3253 | 2918 | 6592 | 7129 | 6712 | 2240 | |||||||||
| Age (years) | 40·3 | 0·3 | 40·9 | 0·3 | 42·3 | 0·4 | 43·5 | 0·3 | 44·5 | 0·3 | 45·2 | 0·3 | 45·9 | 0·5 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 |
| 19–29 | 27·6 | 1·0 | 26·4 | 1·0 | 23·0 | 1·1 | 21·1 | 0·8 | 19·9 | 0·8 | 19·5 | 0·7 | 18·8 | 1·3 | <0·0001 | 0·1153 |
| 30–49 | 47·4 | 1·3 | 47·3 | 1·2 | 47·7 | 1·3 | 46·0 | 0·9 | 44·0 | 0·9 | 41·3 | 0·9 | 40·4 | 1·6 | <0·0001 | 0·0005 |
| 50–64 | 17·7 | 0·8 | 18·1 | 0·7 | 19·5 | 0·8 | 21·9 | 0·6 | 24·1 | 0·6 | 26·0 | 0·6 | 27·1 | 1·3 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 |
| ≥65 | 7·4 | 0·5 | 8·2 | 0·5 | 9·7 | 0·6 | 11·1 | 0·4 | 12·0 | 0·4 | 13·2 | 0·4 | 13·7 | 0·8 | <0·0001 | 0·0003 |
| Education† | ||||||||||||||||
| ≤Middle school | 29·4 | 1·0 | 26·7 | 0·9 | 22·3 | 0·8 | 23·3 | 0·6 | 20·0 | 0·5 | 17·0 | 0·5 | 14·8 | 0·8 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 |
| High school | 40·8 | 1·1 | 37·1 | 1·0 | 35·8 | 1·1 | 43·2 | 0·8 | 42·8 | 0·8 | 41·5 | 0·9 | 37·0 | 1·5 | 0·1496 | 0·0027 |
| ≥College | 29·9 | 1·4 | 36·1 | 1·1 | 41·9 | 1·3 | 33·4 | 0·9 | 37·2 | 0·8 | 41·6 | 0·9 | 48·3 | 1·6 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 |
| Income (104 KRW)‡ | 139·9 | 3·4 | 231·0 | 6·5 | 233·9 | 4·9 | 307·0 | 8·2 | 442·3 | 16·1 | 398·1 | 6·7 | 443·2 | 13·3 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 |
| Women | 4021 | 3839 | 3608 | 9595 | 10 265 | 9357 | 3190 | |||||||||
| Age (years) | 42·3 | 0·4 | 42·8 | 0·4 | 44·3 | 0·3 | 45·6 | 0·3 | 46·5 | 0·3 | 47·4 | 0·3 | 48·0 | 0·5 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 |
| 19–29 | 25·9 | 0·9 | 24·7 | 0·9 | 21·3 | 0·9 | 19·6 | 0·7 | 18·3 | 0·6 | 17·1 | 0·6 | 16·7 | 1·0 | <0·0001 | 0·0064 |
| 30–49 | 43·9 | 1·2 | 44·5 | 1·0 | 44·8 | 1·1 | 43·0 | 0·8 | 41·1 | 0·7 | 38·9 | 0·7 | 37·8 | 1·2 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 |
| 50–64 | 18·4 | 0·8 | 18·3 | 0·7 | 19·6 | 0·7 | 21·6 | 0·5 | 23·8 | 0·5 | 25·8 | 0·5 | 26·9 | 1·0 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 |
| ≥65 | 11·8 | 0·7 | 12·5 | 0·7 | 14·3 | 0·7 | 15·8 | 0·5 | 16·8 | 0·5 | 18·2 | 0·5 | 18·6 | 1·0 | <0·0001 | 0·0038 |
| Education† | ||||||||||||||||
| ≤Middle school | 44·8 | 1·0 | 39·4 | 0·9 | 34·2 | 0·8 | 32·0 | 0·5 | 28·5 | 0·5 | 23·6 | 0·4 | 21·7 | 0·7 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 |
| High school | 35·4 | 0·9 | 37·1 | 0·9 | 35·8 | 1·0 | 40·8 | 0·7 | 38·7 | 0·8 | 37·7 | 0·7 | 37·5 | 1·3 | 0·0003 | 0·2567 |
| ≥College | 19·8 | 1·1 | 23·5 | 0·9 | 30·1 | 1·1 | 27·1 | 0·7 | 32·8 | 0·8 | 38·7 | 0·8 | 40·9 | 1·3 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 |
| Income (104 KRW)‡ | 140·8 | 3·5 | 231·0 | 6·4 | 235·4 | 5·4 | 313·3 | 11·4 | 457·8 | 15·1 | 391·1 | 6·4 | 443·0 | 12·7 | <0·0001 | <0·0001 |
KRW, Korean won (approximately 1120 KRW equal to 1 US dollar).
*
P for trend by multivariate linear regression or logistic regression.
†
Age-standardized based on the 2005 Korea census.
‡
Household monthly income with age standardized.