Table 2.
Subgroup meta-analysis of birth weight and small for gestational age
| Outcomes | Included studies (n) | Participants(n) | Effect size (SMD/OR) | 95 % CI | P | Heterogeneity (I 2, %) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Birth weight | ||||||
| Smoker | ||||||
| Yes | 1 | 4231 | –0·08 | –0·13, –0·03 | 0·003 | 0·0 |
| No | 2 | 47 392 | –0·04 | –0·07, –0·01 | 0·020 | 59·3* |
| Continent | ||||||
| Europe | 3 | 54 524 | –0·06 | –0·10, –0·02 | 0·003 | 72·1* |
| Asia | 1 | 204 | 0·09 | –0·15, 0·33 | 0·446 | 0·0 |
| Measured method of acrylamide exposure | ||||||
| FFQ | 3 | 53 627 | –0·01 | –0·03, 0·00 | 0·067 | 3·5 |
| HbAA | 1 | 1101 | –0·24 | –0·34, –0·14 | <0·001 | 0·0 |
| Partition of acrylamide exposure | ||||||
| Quartiles | 3 | 54 524 | –0·06 | –0·10, –0·02 | 0·003 | 72·1* |
| Tertiles | 1 | 204 | 0·09 | –0·15, 0·33 | 0·446 | 0·0 |
| Acrylamide exposure | ||||||
| HG v. LG | 4 | 27 000 | –0·12 | –0·26, 0·06 | 0·203 | 79·7* |
| Study quality | ||||||
| High | 2 | 53 053 | –0·05 | –0·09, –0·01 | 0·029 | 78·4* |
| Medium | 2 | 1675 | –0·09 | –0·17, –0·01 | 0·023 | 0·0 |
| SGA | ||||||
| Smoker | ||||||
| Yes | 2 | 4627 | 1·10 | 1·01, 1·21 | 0·039 | 0·0 |
| No | 3 | 48 289 | 1·12 | 1·06, 1·18 | <0·001 | 27·8 |
| Measured method of acrylamide exposure | ||||||
| FFQ | 2 | 52 122 | 1·13 | 1·03, 1·23 | 0·007 | 54·9* |
| HbAA | 1 | 1101 | 1·20 | 1·08, 1·33 | 0·001 | – |
| Acrylamide exposure | ||||||
| HG v. LG | 2 | 26 012 | 1·51 | 0·83, 2·76 | 0·179 | 84·3* |
| Study quality | ||||||
| High | 2 | 51 752 | 1·12 | 1·06, 1·18 | <0·001 | 42·6 |
| Medium | 1 | 1471 | 1·46 | 0·97, 2·19 | 0·069 | 52·7 |
HG, highest group; LG, lowest group; SGA, small for gestational age; FFQ, food frequency questionnaires; HbAA, Hb adducts of acrylamide.
*
P < 0·10.