Table 3.

Pearson correlation between anthropometrics and biochemical markers of metabolic risk at 1, 3 and 5 years

	1 year		3 years		5 years
	ρ	P value	ρ	P value	ρ	P value
Waist-to-height ratio
Insulin (pmol/l)	0·08	0·30	0·10	0·36	0·21	0·07
Glucose (mmol/l)	−0·14	0·06	−0·07	0·53	0·06	0·61
HOMA-IR	0·03	0·68	0·08	0·48	0·17	0·16
Leptin (ng/ml)	0·37	<0·0001	0·36	0·003	0·64	<0·0001
TAG (mmol/l)	0·14	0·06	0·20	0·06	0·15	0·22
Sum of skin fold thickness
Insulin (pmol/l)	0·07	0·38	−0·08	0·46	0·30	0·01
Glucose (mmol/l)	0·0009	1·0	−0·08	0·50	0·02	0·85
HOMA-IR	0·03	0·68	−0·09	0·41	0·11	0·39
Leptin (ng/ml)	0·39	<0·0001	0·29*	0·02	0·88	<0·0001
TAG (mmol/l)	0·15	0·048	0·02	0·84	0·21	0·08
BMI z-score
Insulin (pmol/l)	−0·04	0·63	0·25	0·01	0·26	0·03
Glucose (mmol/l)	−0·08	0·28	0·07	0·50	0·02	0·88
HOMA-IR	0·10	0·18	0·24	0·02	0·20	0·09
Leptin (ng/ml)	0·43	<0·0001	0·52	<0·0001	0·67	<0·001
TAG (mmol/l)	0·07	0·33	0·15	0·16	0·09	0·43
Weight for length z-score
Insulin (pmol/l)	0·18	0·02	0·27	0·01	0·27	0·02
Glucose (mmol/l)	−0·02	0·76	0·09	0·41	0·009	0·94
HOMA-IR	0·14	0·06	0·25	0·02	0·19	0·10
Leptin (ng/ml)	0·42	<0·0001	0·51	<0·0001	0·65	<0·0001
TAG (mmol/l)	0·07	0·35	0·14	0·19	0·11	0·36

HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; TAG, triacylglycerides.

^*Correlations are adjusted for age at the time of visit.