Table 2.
Descriptive characteristics and details of SSB consumption for plausible energy reporters by weight status and by SSB consumption status
| Plausible reporters* ‡ | Normal weight* | Overweight/obese* | P-value‡ | Non-consumers§ | Low consumers§ | High consumers§ | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | P-value | ||
| 586 | 471 | 80·4 | 115 | 19·6 | 130 | 18·2 | 208 | 29·1 | 378 | 52·8 | ||||
| Gender | ||||||||||||||
| Boy | 352 | 60·1 | 285 | 60·5 | 67 | 58·3 | 0·659 | 75 | 57·7 | 122 | 58·7 | 230 | 60·9 | 0·772 |
| Girl | 234 | 39·9 | 186 | 39·4 | 48 | 41·7 | 55 | 42·3 | 86 | 41·4 | 148 | 39·2 | ||
| Weight category | ||||||||||||||
| Normal | 471 | 80·4 | – | – | – | 114 | 87·7 | 179 | 86·1 | 292 | 77·3 | 0·005 | ||
| Overweight/obese | 115 | 19·6 | – | – | 16 | 12·3 | 29 | 13·9 | 86 | 22·7 | ||||
| Age | ||||||||||||||
| 8–9 years | 307 | 52·4 | 247 | 52·4 | 60 | 52·2 | 0·959 | 72 | 55·4 | 108 | 51·9 | 199 | 52·7 | 0·841 |
| 10–11 years | 279 | 47·6 | 224 | 47·6 | 55 | 47·8 | 58 | 44·6 | 100 | 48·1 | 179 | 47·4 | ||
| Parent-reported child TV viewing (h/d) | ||||||||||||||
| <1 | 118 | 21·2 | 101 | 22·5 | 17 | 15·5 | 0·042 | 39 | 31·5 | 54 | 27·7 | 64 | 17·6 | 0·005 |
| 1–3 | 335 | 60·0 | 271 | 60·5 | 64 | 58·2 | 70 | 56·5 | 109 | 55·9 | 226 | 62·3 | ||
| >3 | 105 | 18·8 | 76 | 17·0 | 29 | 26·4 | 15 | 12·1 | 32 | 16·4 | 73 | 20·1 | ||
| Child-reported TV viewing (h/d) | ||||||||||||||
| <1 | 273 | 46·9 | 224 | 48·0 | 49 | 42·6 | 0·512 | 67 | 52·3 | 110 | 53·4 | 163 | 43·4 | 0·153 |
| 1–3 | 222 | 38·1 | 176 | 37·7 | 46 | 40·0 | 44 | 34·4 | 70 | 34·0 | 152 | 40·4 | ||
| >3 | 84 | 14·4 | 64 | 13·7 | 20 | 17·4 | 17 | 13·3 | 24 | 11·7 | 60 | 16·0 | ||
| Meeting MVPA targets‖ | ||||||||||||||
| Yes | 110 | 24·1 | 98 | 26·4 | 12 | 14·0 | 0·015 | 29 | 28·4 | 49 | 30·3 | 61 | 20·7 | 0·050 |
| No | 347 | 75·9 | 273 | 73·6 | 74 | 86·1 | 73 | 71·6 | 113 | 69·8 | 234 | 79·3 | ||
| Parent-reported family takeaways | ||||||||||||||
| <Once per week | 453 | 82·8 | 369 | 84·1 | 84 | 77·8 | 0·121 | 116 | 93·6 | 168 | 87·5 | 285 | 80·3 | 0·001 |
| ≥Once perweek | 94 | 17·2 | 70 | 16·0 | 24 | 22·2 | 8 | 6·5 | 24 | 12·5 | 70 | 19·7 | ||
| SSB consumption‖ | ||||||||||||||
| Non-consumer | – | – | – | 0·010 | – | – | – | – | ||||||
| ≤200 ml/d | 208 | 35·5 | 174 | 36·9 | 28 | 24·4 | – | – | – | |||||
| >200 ml/d | 384 | 64·5 | 297 | 63·1 | 87 | 75·7 | – | – | – | |||||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||||||
| Irish | 475 | 90·8 | 380 | 90·7 | 95 | 91·4 | 0·836 | 99 | 81·2 | 160 | 89·4 | 315 | 91·6 | 0·007 |
| Other | 48 | 9·2 | 39 | 9·3 | 9 | 8·7 | 23 | 18·9 | 19 | 10·6 | 29 | 8·4 | ||
| Family type | ||||||||||||||
| Single-parent | 108 | 19·9 | 90 | 20·5 | 18 | 17·3 | 0·469 | 19 | 15·1 | 32 | 16·8 | 76 | 21·5 | 0·187 |
| Two-parent | 436 | 80·2 | 350 | 79·6 | 86 | 72·7 | 107 | 84·9 | 159 | 83·3 | 277 | 78·5 | ||
| Parental education | ||||||||||||||
| Primary/lower secondary only | 62 | 11·7 | 50 | 11·6 | 12 | 12·1 | 0·801 | 6 | 4·8 | 22 | 11·7 | 40 | 11·7 | 0.0000 |
| Higher secondary | 105 | 19·8 | 82 | 19·0 | 23 | 23·2 | 18 | 14·5 | 32 | 17·0 | 73 | 21·4 | ||
| Certificate/diploma | 165 | 31·1 | 136 | 31·6 | 29 | 29·3 | 28 | 22·6 | 51 | 27·1 | 114 | 33·3 | ||
| Tertiary | 198 | 37·4 | 163 | 37·8 | 35 | 35·4 | 72 | 58·1 | 83 | 44·2 | 115 | 33·6 | ||
| SSB ml* | ||||||||||||||
| Mean | 328·7 | 315·4 | 383·1 | 0·0054 | – | 113·8 | 447·0 | 0·0000 | ||||||
| sd | 234·4 | 222·0 | 273·9 | 49·9 | 210·7 | |||||||||
| Median | 268·7 | 262·7 | 316·7 | 110·0 | 390·7 | |||||||||
| IQR | 312·7 | 293·0 | 326·7 | 92·7 | 290·7 | |||||||||
| SSB kJ* | ||||||||||||||
| Mean | 116·3 | 106·8 | 155·3 | 0·0005 | – | 43·2 | 156·6 | 0·0000 | ||||||
| sd | 134·1 | 98·4 | 224·6 | 44·6 | 149·1 | |||||||||
| Median | 84·3 | 78·0 | 99·7 | 34·2 | 123·3 | |||||||||
| IQR | 114·3 | 110·3 | 123·0 | 32·9 | 114·7 | |||||||||
| SSB %kJ* | ||||||||||||||
| Mean | 6·1 | 5·8 | 7·6 | 0·0025 | – | 2·6 | 8·2 | 0·0000 | ||||||
| sd | 5·7 | 5·0 | 7·9 | 2·6 | 6·0 | |||||||||
| Median | 4·6 | 4·4 | 5·3 | 2·0 | 6·7 | |||||||||
| IQR | 6·3 | 6·2 | 7·5 | 2·2 | 6·2 | |||||||||
| SSB sugars* | ||||||||||||||
| Mean | 27·1 | 24·8 | 36·6 | 0·0006 | – | 10·1 | 36·5 | 0·0000 | ||||||
| sd | 33·1 | 24·1 | 56·0 | 11·3 | 37·3 | |||||||||
| Median | 18·5 | 17·5 | 22·8 | 7·7 | 28·8 | |||||||||
| IQR | 28·3 | 28·4 | 32·0 | 10·1 | 28·1 | |||||||||
| SSB %sugars* | ||||||||||||||
| Mean | 22·1 | 21·1 | 26·1 | 0·0049 | – | 11·0 | 28·2 | 0·0000 | ||||||
| sd | 17·0 | 16·3 | 19·3 | 10·5 | 16·8 | |||||||||
| Median | 18·8 | 18·0 | 21·4 | 8·6 | 24·7 | |||||||||
| IQR | 22·6 | 22·0 | 23·3 | 11·6 | 23·0 | |||||||||
MVPA, moderate to vigorous physical activity.
*
Plausible energy reporters and SSB consumers only.
†
SSB is defined as carbonated soft drinks (excluding diet drinks), cordials/squash/juices and energy/sports drinks. % denotes the percentage contribution of SSB to overall mean daily energy intake and mean daily sugar intake.
‡
P-value is the association between SSB consumer category and the factors; χ 2 test for categorical data and t test for continuous data.
§
Plausible energy reporters only.
‖
Low consumer <5 g sugars/100 ml SSB, high consumer ≥5 g sugars/100 ml SSB; non-consumers n 130 (18·2 %).