Table 3.
Age- and multivariable-adjusted Alternate Healthy Eating Index for Pregnancy (AHEI-P) total and component scores by race of participants in the Infant Feeding Practices Study II
| AHEI-P total and component scores* | Age-adjusted model (n 1276) | Multivariable-adjusted model (n 1268)† | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NHB‡ | Other§ | NHW‖ | NHB | Other | NHW | |||||||
| Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | Mean | se | |
| Total score | 59·8 | 1·4 | 63·5 | 0·9 | 61·4 | 0·3 | 57·8a | 1·4 | 62·1b | 0·9 | 60·5a,b | 0·5 |
| Vegetables | 5·3a,b | 0·4 | 5·9a | 0·2 | 5·2b | 0·1 | 4·9a,b | 0·4 | 5·8a | 0·2 | 5·2b | 0·1 |
| Whole fruit | 4·0a,b | 0·4 | 4·4a | 0·2 | 3·6b | 0·1 | 3·7a,b | 0·4 | 4·3a | 0·2 | 3·5b | 0·1 |
| Whole grains | 2·6 | 0·2 | 2·8 | 0·1 | 2·7 | 0·1 | 2·2 | 0·2 | 2·5 | 0·1 | 2·5 | 0·1 |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages¶ | 1·1a | 0·4 | 1·4a | 0·3 | 2·2b | 0·1 | 1·4a,b | 0·4 | 1·5a | 0·3 | 2·2b | 0·2 |
| Nuts and legumes | 2·1 | 0·3 | 2·7 | 0·2 | 2·6 | 0·1 | 1·7a | 0·3 | 2·4a,b | 0·2 | 2·5b | 0·1 |
| Red and processed meat | 3·8 | 0·4 | 4·6 | 0·2 | 4·8 | 0·1 | 4·1 | 0·4 | 4·5 | 0·2 | 4·7 | 0·1 |
| Trans-fat | 4·8 | 0·2 | 5·1 | 0·1 | 4·8 | 0·1 | 4·8 | 0·2 | 5·1 | 0·1 | 4·9 | 0·1 |
| Long-chain fatty acids | 3·5a | 0·3 | 2·9a,b | 0·2 | 2·5b | 0·1 | 3·2a | 0·3 | 2·7a,b | 0·2 | 2·4b | 0·1 |
| PUFA | 6·8 | 0·2 | 6·6 | 0·1 | 6·5 | 0·1 | 6·7 | 0·2 | 6·5 | 0·2 | 6·4 | 0·1 |
| Sodium | 4·7 | 0·4 | 4·8 | 0·3 | 5·0 | 0·1 | 5·5 | 0·3 | 5·1 | 0·2 | 5·1 | 0·1 |
| Iron | 6·3a,b | 0·3 | 6·7a | 0·2 | 6·2a | 0·1 | 5·7a | 0·2 | 6·4b | 0·1 | 6·1a | 0·1 |
| Folate | 6·7a,b | 0·3 | 7·3a | 0·2 | 6·6b | 0·1 | 6·2a | 0·2 | 7·1b | 0·1 | 6·5a | 0·1 |
| Calcium | 8·1 | 0·3 | 8·4 | 0·2 | 8·6 | 0·1 | 7·7b | 0·2 | 8·2b | 0·1 | 8·6a | 0·1 |
NHB, non-Hispanic Black; NHW, non-Hispanic White.
Missing data were present among race (n 46), socio-economic status (n 38) and smoking (n 42). Of the 1444 participants who completed the prenatal Diet History Questionnaire, 121 were excluded for implausible energy intake and one was excluded for implausible BMI.
a,bMean values within a row for each model with unlike superscript letters were significantly different in Tukey-adjusted post hoc differences between groups (P < 0·05).
Higher scores indicate better adherence to dietary recommendations. Total scores are out of 130 points and all components are out of 10 points. Inverse scoring (where lower consumption equates to a higher score) was used for the following categories: sugar-sweetened beverages (and fruit juice), red and processed meat, trans-fat and sodium.
The multivariable-adjusted model was adjusted for age, poverty income ratio, smoking, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) participation during pregnancy and energy intake.
Non-Hispanic Black (n 55).
Other races (n 150) was comprised of the following races/ethnicities: Hispanic (n 88), Asian/Pacific Islander (n 34) and other (n 28). Unadjusted mean scores for the subgroups were: 61·1 (se 10·2) for Hispanic, 67·9 (se 9·7) for Asian/Pacific Islander and 61·0 (se 12·6) for other.
Non-Hispanic White (n 1071).
Sugar-sweetened beverages includes fruit juice.