Table 2.
Characteristics and nutrient intakes according to quartiles of energy-adjusted cereal fibre intake among participants of National Diet and Nutrition Survey Rolling Programme 2008–2014
| Q1 (n 673)* | Q2 (n 672) | Q3 (n 672) | Q4 (n 672) | P-value† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
or % |
se |
or % |
se |
or % |
se |
or % |
se | ||
| Age (years)‡ | 47·0 | 1·0 | 47·2 | 1·0 | 48·6 | 1·0 | 50·0 | 0·9 | 0·02 |
| Sex (% female) | 48·5 | – | 52·9 | – | 50·7 | – | 45·4 | – | 0·19 |
| Energy (kJ/d)§ | 9157 | 82·5 | 8705 | 65·9 | 8328 | 62·0 | 7964 | 80·3 | <0·0001 |
| Whole grain (g/d)‖ | 7·7 | 0·6 | 20·3 | 0·7 | 31·7 | 0·8 | 55·8 | 1·5 | <0·0001 |
| Total fibre (g/d)‖ | 13·2 | 0·2 | 14·4 | 0·2 | 15·3 | 0·2 | 16·4 | 0·2 | <0·0001 |
| Carbohydrate (g/d)‖ | 234·6 | 1·8 | 243·3 | 1·5 | 246·4 | 1·6 | 249·8 | 1·5 | <0·0001 |
| Protein (g/d)‖ | 79·0 | 0·7 | 78·3 | 0·6 | 79·9 | 0·7 | 79·8 | 0·6 | 0·23 |
| Total fat (g/d)‖ | 77·3 | 0·6 | 76·9 | 0·6 | 76·4 | 0·5 | 75·8 | 0·5 | 0·04 |
| Saturated fat (g/d)‖ | 29·1 | 0·3 | 29·3 | 0·3 | 28·7 | 0·3 | 28·4 | 0·3 | 0·05 |
| MUFA (g/d)‖ | 28·1 | 0·2 | 27·7 | 0·2 | 27·6 | 0·2 | 27·1 | 0·2 | 0·003 |
| PUFA (g/d)‖ | 12·7 | 0·1 | 12·7 | 0·1 | 13·1 | 0·1 | 13·1 | 0·1 | 0·01 |
| Trans fat (g/d)‖ | 1·4 | 0·03 | 1·4 | 0·03 | 1·4 | 0·03 | 1·3 | 0·02 | 0·02 |
| Non-milk extrinsic sugar (g/d)‖ | 65·8 | 2·2 | 64·1 | 1·5 | 62·7 | 1·5 | 59·8 | 1·3 | 0·02 |
| Na (mg/d)‖ | 2394 | 23·5 | 2422 | 19·5 | 2411 | 18·9 | 2412 | 22·6 | 0·67 |
| Equivalised household income (GBP)§ | 31032 | 1151 | 33405 | 1317 | 32877 | 1261 | 33886 | 1195 | 0·13 |
| UK university graduate (%) | 20·0 | – | 26·4 | – | 29·0 | – | 34·7 | – | 0·0001 |
| Not working or studying (%) | 37·1 | – | 37·9 | – | 37·4 | – | 36·9 | – | 0·95 |
| White ethnicity (%) | 90·5 | – | 91·9 | – | 91·4 | – | 89·1 | – | 0·25 |
| Current smoker (%) | 31·8 | – | 22·8 | – | 13·6 | – | 10·7 | – | <0·0001 |
| Daily alcohol consumer (%) | 18·5 | – | 8·4 | – | 9·6 | – | 6·9 | – | <0·0001 |
| Blood pressure-lowering medication use (%)¶ | 11·0 | – | 10·2 | – | 11·5 | – | 10·3 | – | 0·95 |
| Lipid-lowering medication use (%)¶ | 15·8 | – | 17·1 | – | 15·5 | – | 16·6 | – | 0·94 |
*
Median cereal fibre intake (g/10 MJ per d): Q1 4·0, Q2 5·7, Q3 7·4, Q4 9·8.
†
Associations with continuous variables were tested with linear regression analysis and a test for trend; associations with categorical variables were tested with a chi-square analysis.
‡
Adjusted for sex.
§
Adjusted for age and sex.
‖
Adjusted for age, sex and total energy intake (kJ/d).
¶
Based on the data available from a smaller sample of participants (n 2128).