Table 1.
Characteristics and metabolic profiles of the Inuit children aged 6–18 years from Siorapaluk (n 15) and Qaanaaq (n 70) in the north of Greenland and the capital, Nuuk (n 92), in the west, August 2007 and 2008
| Siorapaluk | Qaanaaq | Nuuk | Missing values (S/Q/N) | P value* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (girls/boys) | 2/13 | 39/31 | 39/53 | – | – | |||
| Pubertal stage (I–V) (%) | 67/0/27/7/0 | 37/20/13/14/16 | 33/18/14/21/14 | – | – | |||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | |||
| Metabolic variables | ||||||||
| Age (years) | 10·0 | 2·3 | 11·3 | 2·9 | 12·0 | 2·6 | – | 0·014 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 17·7 | 2·3 | 18·5 | 2·9 | 19·8 | 3·0 | – | 0·018 |
| Body fat (%) | 20·0 | 3·5 | 20·2 | 4·7 | 21·5 | 5·7 | –/1/– | 0·031 |
| Skinfold thickness (mm)† | 24·5a,b | 1·1 | 33·4a | 1·5 | 44·6b | 2·4 | –/–/– | <0·001 |
| VO2max (ml/kg per min) | 48·7 | 6·4 | 44·9 | 6·4 | 44·6 | 7·7 | 4/11/1 | 0·92 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/l) | 5·4 | 0·4 | 5·0 | 0·4 | 5·2 | 0·5 | 1/1/9 | 0·012 |
| Fasting insulin (pmol/l) | 45·9 | 25·8 | 47·8 | 28·0 | 60·7 | 34·8 | 1/1/9 | 0·18 |
| HbA1c (mmol/l) | 5·4a | 0·1 | 5·1b | 0·2 | 5·4a | 0·2 | –/1/– | <0·001 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4·53 | 0·66 | 4·07 | 0·54 | 4·09 | 0·67 | 1/1/9 | 0·29 |
| HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1·65 | 0·28 | 1·35 | 0·32 | 1·40 | 0·27 | 1/1/9 | 0·035 |
| LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2·37 | 0·55 | 2·12 | 0·46 | 2·37 | 0·64 | 1/1/9 | 0·034 |
| Non-HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l) | 2·88 | 0·52 | 2·72 | 0·52 | 2·69 | 0·64 | 1/1/9 | 0·62 |
| TAG (mmol/l)† | 0·78 | 0·21 | 0·89 | 0·37 | 0·83 | 0·31 | 1/1/9 | 0·38 |
| ApoA1 (µmol/l)† | 67·1a,b | 11·9 | 63·7b | 11·3 | 57·1a | 8·7 | 1/1/9 | <0·001 |
| ApoB (µmol/l)† | 2·5 | 0·5 | 2·5 | 0·5 | 2·4 | 0·6 | 1/1/9 | 0·43 |
| Leptin (ng/l) | 2195 | 1434 | 5153 | 4892 | 5686 | 7432 | – | 0·09 |
| Adiponectin (µg/l) | 23 236 | 9153 | 28 872 | 15 069 | 21 361 | 12 773 | –/1/– | 0·018 |
| hs-CRP (mg/l)‡ | 0·35 | 0·23 | 0·46 | 0·41 | 0·45 | 0·42 | 1/1/9 | 0·53 |
| 25(OH)D (nmol/l)§ | 50·9 | 16·1 | 44·1 | 20·6 | 41·1 | 18·2 | –/–/1 | 0·84 |
HbA1c, glycated Hb; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
The raw data used to build this table (except for 25(OH)D) have been used in two previous publications that adopted a different approach to group the children, i.e. girls v. boys, and pooled northern villages(19,23). Moreover, the data presented here are only from the children for whom quality dietary data were available. More details are provided in the online supplementary material, Supplemental Tables S4A and S4B.
a,bMean values within each characteristic with unlike superscript letters were significantly different (P < 0·005) in the pairwise post hoc tests.
P value from the ANOVA and ANCOVA (difference between the three groups). With the exception of the analysis comparing age between locations, all models were adjusted for age and pubertal stage, BMI, gender and – for hs-CRP only – for serum 25(OH)D.
The homogeneity of variance could not be verified for these variables (Levene’s test P < 0·05).
In addition to missing values, children with hs-CRP > 2·00 mg/l were excluded (n 0, n 3 and n 13 in Siorapaluk, Qaanaaq and Nuuk, respectively).
No 25-hydroxyergocalciferol (25-hydroxyvitamin D2) could be detected in the samples.