Table 2.
Association of the consumption of marine mammals and fish (MMF) with glycated Hb (HbA1c), fasting insulin and glucose, non-HDL-cholesterol (non-HDL-C) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) blood levels, fitness level and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentration of the Greenlandic children aged 6–18 years (n 177), August 2007 and 2008
| MMF consumption profile* | n† | HbA1c (mmol/l) | Insulin (pmol/l) | Glucose (mmol/l) | Non-HDL-C (mmol/l) | hs-CRP†(mg/l) | VO2max (ml/kg per min) | Serum 25(OH)D (nmol/l) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P = 0·045 | P = 0·36 | P = 0·97 | P = 0·73 | P = 0·08 | P = 0·047 | P = 0·019 | |||||||||
| Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | Mean | sd | ||
| <4 | 13 | 5·3a | 0·2 | 32·0 | 32·0 | 5·2 | 0·4 | 2·8 | 0·8 | 0·62 | 0·58 | 41·9a | 5·4 | 32·0a | 17·0 |
| 4–<28 | 87 | 5·3a | 0·3 | 42·7 | 42·7 | 5·1 | 0·4 | 2·8 | 0·6 | 0·45 | 0·41 | 43·1a | 7·1 | 42·7a,b | 20·1 |
| 28–<56 | 37 | 5·2a | 0·3 | 42·0 | 42·0 | 5·1 | 0·5 | 2·6 | 0·5 | 0·51 | 0·41 | 47·1a | 5·9 | 42·0a,b | 16·3 |
| >56 | 39 | 5·3a | 0·2 | 48·9 | 48·9 | 5·2 | 0·4 | 2·7 | 0·5 | 0·28 | 0·19 | 47·9a | 5·1 | 48·9b | 18·7 |
| Total | 176 | 5·3 | 0·3 | 43·1 | 43·1 | 5·1 | 0·4 | 2·7 | 0·6 | 0·44 | 0·40 | 44·8 | 6·7 | 43·1 | 19·1 |
The associations between biological variables and MMF consumption profiles were studied using ANCOVA. The models were adjusted for age and pubertal stage, VO2max (not for serum 25(OH)D), gender, serum 25(OH)D (for hs-CRP only), and the consumption of the other five food categories (MEg (meat and eggs), VegFr (non-starchy vegetables and fruits), CCarb (complex carbohydrates), DaP (dairy products) and JunkF (‘junk food’)).
a,bMean values within each biological variable with unlike superscript letters were significantly different (P < 0·05) in the pairwise post hoc tests. Serum 25(OH)D was significantly different between the two extreme consumption profiles (i.e. <4 v. >56 times/month, P = 0·028).
The MMF consumption is expressed in times per month with a maximum of 1 time/d for each of the fifteen individual food types.
Data were missing for eleven children regarding insulin, glucose, non-HDL-C and hs-CRP (n 166), and one child regarding the other variables. In addition to missing values, children with hs-CRP > 2·00 mg/l were excluded (n 1, n 14, n 3 and n 8 in the consumption profiles from <4 to >56 times/month, respectively).