Table 2.
Distribution of the dietary flavonoid, food and nutrient intakes studied, according to case or control status, among adults from the GEIRD (Genes Environment Interaction in Respiratory Diseases) population-based multi-case–control study in Pavia, Torino, Sassari and Verona, Italy, 2007–2010
| Controls (n 397) | CA (n 159) | PA (n 78) | CB (n 47) | AR (n 167) | NAR (n 142) | P value | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | ||
| Flavonoids (mg/d) | |||||||||||||
| Total flavonoids | 381·9 | 255·1–526·5 | 388·3 | 258·4–554·9 | 380·9 | 212·1–517·5 | 374·5 | 198·5–515·1 | 365·6 | 238·2–545·5 | 394·2 | 277·4–518·4 | 0·98 |
| Flavanones | 27·3 | 14·0–45·8 | 27·1 | 12·8–43·3 | 28·1 | 11·1–36·5 | 23·2 | 12·3–38·7 | 28·0 | 18·3–40·3 | 26·7 | 13·4–38·5 | 0·75 |
| Anthocyanins | 17·3 | 10·0–28·4 | 15·7 | 8·8–27·7 | 16·6 | 10·7–24·8 | 15·4 | 6·2–25·4 | 15·9 | 10·3–25·7 | 17·8 | 9·3–28·0 | 0·92 |
| Flavan-3-ols | 45·5 | 26·7–71·9 | 46·0 | 27·7–75·2 | 48·2 | 26·7–72·3 | 42·9 | 28·2–85·8 | 46·6 | 25·4–73·4 | 47·7 | 29·2–80·1 | 0·93 |
| Flavonols | 15·9 | 10·8–21·7 | 15·1 | 10·4–20·0 | 15·1 | 10·6–21·7 | 17·0 | 10·8–23·8 | 15·2 | 9·6–21·7 | 15·8 | 10·2–20·7 | 0·86 |
| Flavones | 1·9 | 1·1–2·9 | 2·0 | 1·2–3·2 | 1·9 | 1·3–2·8 | 1·9 | 1·2–2·7 | 1·9 | 1·0–2·8 | 1·9 | 1·0–3·0 | 0·94 |
| Polymers | 269·4 | 168·6–370·6 | 261·3 | 168·6–403·2 | 267·7 | 138·3–380·5 | 257·7 | 146·1–350·9 | 247·7 | 157·3–377·4 | 254·6 | 174·7–370·0 | 0·98 |
| Proanthocyanidins | 293·0 | 188·6–417·2 | 295·3 | 188·2–461·4 | 293·3 | 154·2–420·0 | 292·0 | 163·0–405·5 | 279·3 | 178·0–432·5 | 289·0 | 197·3–422·1 | 0·98 |
| Foods (g/d) | |||||||||||||
| Fruits | 302·6 | 203·0–433·0 | 288.4 | 193·3–424·1 | 275·35 | 168·8–425·7 | 211·4 | 142·6–398·6 | 290·2 | 200·1–401·6 | 280·75 | 188·6–429·0 | 0·22 |
| Vegetables | 129·0 | 79·8–195·1 | 118·6 | 81·4–190·9 | 150·95 | 105·2–232·0 | 152·1 | 101·1–196·3 | 128·7 | 89·4–182·5 | 131·05 | 91·1–195·2 | 0·18 |
| Chocolate | 2·7 | 0·0–8·6 | 2·9 | 0·7–12·8 | 2·9 | 0·7–11·4 | 2·9 | 1·3–10·3 | 3·7 | 0·7–8·6 | 3·7 | 0·7–11·4 | 0·12 |
| Red wine | 4·2 | 0·0–62·5 | 13·9 | 0·0–107·1 | 8·1 | 0·0–62·5 | 4·2 | 0·0–79·4 | 8·3 | 0·0–63·5 | 1·9 | 0·0–59·5 | 0·47 |
| White wine | 1·4 | 0·0–26·8 | 2·1 | 0·0–41·7 | 3·5 | 0·0–35·7 | 0·5 | 0·0–26·8 | 1·0 | 0·0–26·8 | 1·0 | 0·0–26·8 | 0·74 |
| Tea | 10·0 | 0·0–85·7 | 5·0 | 0·0–64·3 | 10·0 | 0·0–64·3 | 15·0 | 0·0–150 | 15·0 | 0·0–85·7 | 10·0 | 0·0–150 | 0·52 |
| Nutrients | |||||||||||||
| Vitamin C (mg/d) | 116·3 | 83·4–162·8 | 116·9 | 84·0–156·4 | 129·3 | 79·8–167·8 | 105·3 | 71·5–151·7 | 119·4 | 84·6–164·4 | 118·9 | 80·9–165·4 | 0·84 |
| Total energy intake (kJ/d) | 7849·6 | 6123·7–9989·3 | 7666·8 | 6353·4–9288·9 | 8986·4 | 6875·1–10 732·8 | 8892·3 | 6377·3–11 621·1 | 8217·4 | 6602·4–9699·3 | 7728·3 | 6278·9–10 132·8 | 0·13 |
| Total energy intake (kcal/d) | 1876·1 | 1463·6–2387·5 | 1832·4 | 1518·5–2220·1 | 2147·8 | 1643·2–2565·2 | 2125·3 | 1524·2–2777·5 | 1964·0 | 1578·0–2318·2 | 1847·1 | 1500·7–2421·8 | 0·13 |
CA, current asthma; PA, past asthma; CB, chronic bronchitis; AR, allergic rhinitis; NAR, non-allergic rhinitis; IQR, interquartile range.