Table 2.
Nutrient intakes and demographic characteristics of participants in Australian Health Survey 2011–2013 by quartile of energy-adjusted cereal fibre intake
| Q1 (n 1940)* | Q2 (n 1941) | Q3 (n 1801) | Q4 (n 1983) | P-value† | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
or % |
se |
or % |
se |
or % |
se |
or % |
se | ||
| Age (years)‡ | 44·0 | 0·4 | 44·5 | 0·5 | 46·6 | 0·5 | 48·4 | 0·6 | <0·0001 |
| Sex (% female) | 51·0 | – | 50·0 | – | 50·6 | – | 48·2 | – | 0·60 |
| Energy (kJ/d)§ | 9858·9 | 107·5 | 9840·7 | 111·1 | 9360·4 | 110·0 | 9117·6 | 74·1 | <0·0001 |
| Whole grain (g/d)‖ | 6·0 | 0·5 | 20·8 | 0·7 | 41·8 | 0·9 | 79·2 | 1·7 | <0·0001 |
| Total fibre (g/d)‖ | 18·8 | 0·3 | 22·6 | 0·3 | 25·3 | 0·3 | 32·2 | 0·4 | <0·0001 |
| Carbohydrate (% kJ)‖ | 37·3 | 0·3 | 42·5 | 0·3 | 44·9 | 0·3 | 48·0 | 0·3 | <0·0001 |
| Protein (% kJ)‖ | 18·6 | 0·2 | 18·1 | 0·2 | 17·7 | 0·2 | 17·4 | 0·1 | <0·0001 |
| Total fat (% kJ)‖ | 33·6 | 0·3 | 31·9 | 0·3 | 30·9 | 0·3 | 28·9 | 0·2 | <0·0001 |
| Free sugars (% kJ)‖ | 12·3 | 0·3 | 11·3 | 0·3 | 10·0 | 0·2 | 8·5 | 0·2 | <0·0001 |
| Saturated and trans-fat (% kJ)‖ | 13·2 | 0·2 | 12·8 | 0·2 | 12·3 | 0·1 | 11·2 | 0·1 | <0·0001 |
| MUFA (% kJ)‖ | 13·3 | 0·1 | 12·2 | 0·1 | 11·6 | 0·1 | 10·8 | 0·1 | <0·0001 |
| PUFA (% kJ)‖ | 4·8 | 0·1 | 4·8 | 0·1 | 4·9 | 0·1 | 4·9 | 0·1 | 0·35 |
| Na (mg/d)‖ | 2516·9 | 47·1 | 2778·1 | 35·8 | 2688·8 | 33·7 | 2601·6 | 32·9 | 0·41 |
| Fruit (serves per day)‖ | 1·4 | 0·05 | 1·5 | 0·04 | 1·7 | 0·04 | 1·7 | 0·04 | <0·0001 |
| Vegetables (serves per day)‖ | 2·3 | 0·1 | 2·3 | 0·04 | 2·4 | 0·04 | 2·4 | 0·05 | 0·30 |
| Daily alcohol intake (standard drinks per day)§ ¶ | 3·0 | 0·2 | 1·7 | 0·1 | 1·2 | 0·1 | 0·7 | 0·1 | <0·0001 |
| Equivalised weekly income (AUD)§ | 1068·4 | 24·9 | 1044·0 | 27·8 | 990·9 | 23·2 | 1014·8 | 25·1 | 0·07 |
| University graduate (%) | 25·4 | – | 24·9 | – | 27·3 | – | 26·6 | – | 0·57 |
| Unemployed, not studying (%) | 2·7 | – | 2·4 | – | 1·6 | – | 0·9 | – | 0·0277 |
| Current smoker (%) | 25·2 | – | 17·9 | – | 13·9 | – | 11·6 | – | <0·0001 |
| Physical activity (% meeting recommendation)** | 47·1 | – | 50·0 | – | 53·7 | – | 51·4 | – | 0·08 |
| Lipid-lowering medication use†† | 11·2 | – | 12·4 | – | 12·8 | – | 16·8 | – | 0·18 |
*
Median cereal fibre intake (g/d): Q1 3·9; Q2 7·4; Q3 10·7; Q4 16·3.
†
Associations with continuous variables were tested with linear regression analysis and a test for trend; associations with categorical variables were tested with a chi-square analysis.
‡
Adjusted for sex.
§
Adjusted for age and sex.
‖
Adjusted for age, sex and total energy intake (kJ/d).
¶
One standard drink is equivalent to 10 g of alcohol.
**
Australian physical activity recommendation of 150 min of moderate exercise per week.
††
Based on the data available from smaller sample of participants (n 2608).