Table 3.
Prevalence ratios (PR) of excess weight by categories of socio-economic indicators among children under 5 years and women of reproductive age in Peru (data are from the Peruvian National Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) 2015)
| Overweight | Obesity | OW | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude PR | 95 % CI | Adjusted PR | 95 % CI | Crude PR | 95 % CI | Adjusted PR | 95 % CI | Crude PR | 95 % CI | Adjusted PR | 95 % CI | |
| Children aged <5 years‡ | ||||||||||||
| Wealth index | ||||||||||||
| Low tertile | Reference | |||||||||||
| Medium tertile | 2·22* | 1·8, 2·7* | 1·43* | 1·1, 1·8 | 3·42* | 1·9, 6·2 | 1·79 | 0·8, 4·1 | 2·36* | 1·9, 2·9 | 1·47* | 1·2, 1·8 |
| High tertile | 3·20* | 2·6, 3·9* | 1·64* | 1·3, 2·1 | 6·90* | 3·9, 12·1 | 2·68* | 1·1, 6·6 | 3·63* | 3·0, 4·4 | 1·78* | 1·4, 2·3 |
| Mother’s education level | ||||||||||||
| Low | Reference | |||||||||||
| Medium | 1·69* | 1·4, 2·0 | 1·07 | 0·9, 1·3 | 3·10* | 1·8, 5·3 | 1·62 | 0·9, 2·8 | 1·86* | 1·5, 2·2 | 1·14 | 0·9, 1·4 |
| High | 2·49* | 2·0, 3·2 | 1·44* | 1·1, 1·9 | 5·65* | 3·1, 10·3 | 2·80* | 1·5, 5·2 | 2·86* | 2·3, 3·6 | 1·62* | 1·3, 2·1 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Non-indigenous | Reference | |||||||||||
| Indigenous | 0·48* | 0·3, 0·7 | 1·05 | 0·7, 1·5 | 0·11* | 0·0, 0·3 | 0·38 | 0·1, 1·1 | 0·41* | 0·3, 0·6 | 0·97 | 0·7, 1·4 |
| Adolescent women aged 15–19 years§ | ||||||||||||
| Wealth index | ||||||||||||
| Low tertile | Reference | |||||||||||
| Medium tertile | 1·14 | 0·9, 1·4 | 1·34* | 1·1, 1·7 | 2·19* | 1·3, 3·7 | 1·17 | 0·6, 2·4 | 1·28* | 1·1, 1·5 | 1·31* | 1·1, 1·6 |
| High tertile | 1·28* | 1·1, 1·5 | 1·51* | 1·2, 2·0 | 2·43* | 1·4, 4·1 | 0·98 | 0·4, 2·2 | 1·43* | 1·2, 1·7 | 1·38* | 1·1, 1·7 |
| Woman’s education level | ||||||||||||
| Low | Reference | |||||||||||
| Medium | 1·00 | 0·8, 1·3 | 0·98 | 0·7, 1·3 | 0·82 | 0·4, 1·7 | 0·62 | 0·3, 1·4 | 0·95 | 0·8, 1·2 | 0·89 | 0·7, 1·1 |
| High | 0·86 | 0·6, 1·3 | 0·84 | 0·5, 1·3 | 0·68 | 0·2, 1·9 | 0·36 | 0·1, 1·1 | 0·82 | 0·6, 1·2 | 0·70 | 0·5, 1·1 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Non-indigenous | Reference | |||||||||||
| Indigenous | 0·88 | 0·7, 1·1 | 0·91 | 0·7, 1·2 | 0·13* | 0·0, 0·4 | 0·36 | 0·1, 1·1 | 0·72* | 0·6, 0·9 | 0·87 | 0·7, 1·1 |
| Adult women aged 20–49 years§ | ||||||||||||
| Wealth index | ||||||||||||
| Low tertile | Reference | |||||||||||
| Medium tertile | 0·96 | 0·9, 1·0 | 1·02 | 0·9, 1·1 | 1·52* | 1·4, 1·7 | 1·34* | 1·2, 1·5 | 1·14* | 1·1, 1·2 | 1·12* | 1·1, 1·2 |
| High tertile | 0·99 | 0·9, 1·1 | 1·07 | 1·0, 1·2 | 1·30* | 1·2, 1·4 | 1·12 | 1·0, 1·3 | 1·09* | 1·04, 1·13 | 1·08* | 1·0, 1·1 |
| Woman’s education level | ||||||||||||
| Low | Reference | |||||||||||
| Medium | 0·94* | 0·9, 1·0 | 1·01 | 0·9, 1·1 | 0·92* | 0·9, 1·0 | 0·99 | 0·9, 1·1 | 0·94* | 0·9, 1·0 | 0·99 | 0·9, 1·0 |
| High | 0·88* | 0·8, 0·9 | 0·97 | 0·9, 1·1 | 0·57* | 0·5, 0·6 | 0·68* | 0·6, 0·8 | 0·76* | 0·7, 0·8 | 0·86* | 0·8, 0·9 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Non-indigenous | Reference | |||||||||||
| Indigenous | 0·96 | 0·9, 1·0 | 0·89* | 0·8, 1·0 | 0·65* | 0·6, 0·8 | 0·76* | 0·6, 0·9 | 0·84* | 0·8, 0·9 | 0·84* | 0·8, 0·9 |
ENDES, Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar; OW, overweight/obesity.
An independent model was estimated for each socio-economic indicator (wealth index, education and ethnicity).
P < 0·05 v. low tertile/low education/non-indigenous.
In children, the adjusted model included BMI of their mothers, number of children in household, region and type or place of residence.
In women of reproductive age, the adjusted model included their age in years, total number of children ever born, region and type or place of residence.