Table 4.
Prevalence ratios (PR) of undernutrition by categories of socio-economic indicators among children under 5 years and women of reproductive age in Peru (data are from the Peruvian National Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) 2015)
| Wasting/underweight | Stunting/short stature | Anaemia | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude PR | 95 % CI | Adjusted PR | 95 % CI | Crude PR | 95 % CI | Adjusted PR | 95 % CI | Crude PR | 95 % CI | Adjusted PR | 95 % CI | |
| Children aged <5 years‡ | ||||||||||||
| Wealth index | ||||||||||||
| Low tertile | Reference | |||||||||||
| Medium tertile | 0·59* | 0·4, 0·9 | 0·76 | 0·5, 1·2 | 0·43* | 0·4, 0·5 | 0·58* | 0·5, 0·7 | 0·88* | 0·8, 0·9 | 0·94 | 0·9, 1·0 |
| High tertile | 0·31* | 0·2, 0·5 | 0·47* | 0·2, 0·9 | 0·16* | 0·1, 0·2 | 0·25* | 0·2, 0·3 | 0·61* | 0·6, 0·7 | 0·67* | 0·6, 0·7 |
| Mother’s education level | ||||||||||||
| Low | Reference | |||||||||||
| Medium | 0·50* | 0·4, 0·7 | 0·61* | 0·4, 0·9 | 0·36* | 0·3, 0·4 | 0·56* | 0·5, 0·6 | 0·90* | 0·8, 1·0 | 1·04 | 1·0, 1·1 |
| High | 0·16* | 0·1, 0·3 | 0·21* | 0·1, 0·4 | 0·14* | 0·1, 0·2 | 0·26* | 0·2, 0·3 | 0·63* | 0·6, 0·7 | 0·76* | 0·7, 0·9 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Non-indigenous | Reference | |||||||||||
| Indigenous | 2·22* | 1·4, 3·5 | 1·38 | 0·8, 2·2 | 2·87* | 2·6, 3·2 | 1·34* | 1·2, 1·5 | 1·48* | 1·4, 1·6 | 1·19* | 1·1, 1·3 |
| Adolescent women aged 15–19 years§ | ||||||||||||
| Wealth index | ||||||||||||
| Low tertile | Reference | |||||||||||
| Medium tertile | 4·86* | 1·3, 18·7 | 1·87 | 0·6, 5·6 | 0·62* | 0·5, 0·7* | 0·66* | 0·5, 0·8 | 0·99 | 0·8, 1·2 | 0·78 | 0·6, 1·0 |
| High tertile | 4·87* | 1·2, 20·0 | 1·71 | 0·5, 6·0 | 0·46* | 0·4, 0·6 | 0·48* | 0·4, 0·6 | 1·01 | 0·8, 1·3 | 0·75 | 0·5, 1·0 |
| Woman’s education level | ||||||||||||
| Low | Reference | |||||||||||
| Medium | 2·21 | 0·3, 18·6 | 1·45 | 0·2, 10·5 | 0·47* | 0·4, 0·6 | 0·59* | 0·5, 0·7 | 0·88 | 0·7, 1·1 | 0·97 | 0·7, 1·3 |
| High | 4·98 | 0·5, 54·5 | 2·34 | 0·2, 26·5 | 0·20* | 0·1, 0·3 | 0·21* | 0·1, 0·4 | 0·83 | 0·5, 1·3 | 1·01 | 0·6, 1·6 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Non-indigenous | Reference | |||||||||||
| Indigenous | 0·53 | 0·1, 3·2 | 3·64 | 0·9, 15 | 1·71* | 1·4, 2·0 | 1·21* | 1, 1·5 | 1·14 | 0·8, 1·5 | 1·57* | 1·1, 2·2 |
| Adult women aged 20–49 years§ | ||||||||||||
| Wealth index | ||||||||||||
| Low tertile | Reference | |||||||||||
| Medium tertile | 0·82 | 0·5, 1·3 | 0·69 | 0·4, 1·1 | 0·79* | 0·7, 0·8 | 0·82* | 0·8, 0·9 | 1·00 | 0·9, 1·1 | 0·92 | 0·8, 1·0 |
| High tertile | 1·11 | 0·7, 1·7 | 0·98 | 0·6, 1·6 | 0·51* | 0·5, 0·5 | 0·52* | 0·5, 0·6 | 1·05 | 0·9, 1·2 | 0·93 | 0·8, 1·1 |
| Woman’s education level | ||||||||||||
| Low | Reference | |||||||||||
| Medium | 1·03 | 0·6, 1·6 | 0·61* | 0·4, 0·9 | 0·62* | 0·6, 0·7 | 0·68* | 0·6, 0·7 | 1·10* | 1·0, 1·2 | 1·12* | 1·0, 1·3 |
| High | 2·40* | 1·4, 4·0 | 1·06 | 0·6, 1·7 | 0·34* | 0·3, 0·4 | 0·38* | 0·3, 0·4 | 0·99 | 0·9, 1·1 | 1·05 | 0·9, 1·2 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Non-indigenous | Reference | |||||||||||
| Indigenous | 1·56 | 0·8, 2·9 | 2·78* | 1·4, 5·6 | 1·51* | 1·4, 1·6 | 1·10* | 1·02, 1·19 | 1·13 | 1·0, 1·3 | 1·28* | 1·1, 1·5 |
ENDES, Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar.
An independent model was estimated for each socio-economic indicator (wealth index, education and ethnicity).
*
P < 0·05 v. low tertile/low education/non-indigenous.
‡
In children, the adjusted model included BMI of their mothers, number of children in household, region and type or place of residence.
§
In women of reproductive age, the adjusted model included their age in years, total number of children ever born, region and type or place of residence.