Table 2.
Subgroup analysis to assess the association between food insecurity and mental disorders
| Subgrouped by | No. of individuals | No. of studies | OR* | 95 % CI | I 2 (%) | P for heterogeneity |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Depression | ||||||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18–65 | 30 401 | 9 | 1·34 | 1·20, 1·50 | 79·0 | <0·001 |
| ≥65 | 5730 | 4 | 1·75 | 1·20, 2·56 | 93·0 | <0·001 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Women | 5054 | 3 | 1·30 | 1·16, 1·46 | 40·4 | 0·18 |
| Men | 1012 | 3 | 1·42 | 1·17, 1·72 | 0·0 | 0·78 |
| Mixed | 251 503 | 13 | 1·48 | 1·31, 1·66 | 87·7 | <0·001 |
| Food insecurity degree | ||||||
| Mild | 7165 | 2 | 1·09 | 0·89, 1·36 | 0·0 | 0·37 |
| Moderate | 1419 | 2 | 1·45 | 1·40, 1·51 | 0·0 | 0·65 |
| Severe | 1377 | 3 | 1·77 | 1·71, 1·83 | 0·0 | 0·57 |
| Continent | ||||||
| North America | 11 742 | 8 | 1·38 | 1·28, 1·50 | 37·7 | 0·12 |
| Europe | 12 652 | 2 | 1·31 | 1·04, 1·64 | 31·30 | 0·22 |
| Asia | 234 807 | 3 | 1·44 | 1·04, 2·00 | 93·7 | <0·001 |
| Stress | ||||||
| Sex | ||||||
| Women | 10 475 | 3 | 1·41 | 1·33, 1·49 | 0·0 | 0·44 |
| Men | 8530 | 3 | 1·46 | 1·15, 1·85 | 83·0 | 0·003 |
| Mixed | 155 324 | 5 | 1·80 | 1·43, 2·17 | 59·3 | 0·04 |
| Continent | ||||||
| North America | 21 768 | 4 | 1·38 | 1·21, 1·57 | 52·5 | 0·09 |
| Asia | 6151 | 2 | 1·26 | 1·06, 1·51 | 31·5 | 0·22 |
| Anxiety | ||||||
| Continent | ||||||
| North America | 78 500 | 3 | 1·29 | 1·23, 1·35 | 0·0 | 0·54 |
| Others | 10 996 | 2 | 1·30 | 0·62, 2·73 | 80·7 | <0·001 |
*
Calculated by random-effects model.