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. 2019 Sep 5;23(5):869–881. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019002519

Table 3.

Main dietary sources of total, added and free sugars (%), by age group; National Food, Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (IAN-AF 2015–2016), Portugal (n 5811)

Children, <5 years Children, 5–9 years Adolescents, 10–17 years
Food source % Total sugars Food source % Added sugars % Free sugars Food source % Total sugars Food source % Added sugars % Free sugars Food source % Total sugars Food source % Added sugars % Free sugars
Milk 15·9 Yoghurts 16·8 16·1 Milk 14·5 Sweets 18·9 18·2 Soft drinks 16·8 Soft drinks 26·0 24·6
Fruits 15·7 Infant cereals 14·5 14·2 Fruits 14·4 Soft drinks 16·3 16·0 Milk 13·2 Sweets 15·4 15·0
Infant formula 11·9 Infant formula 14·0 13·9 Soft drinks 10·1 Yoghurts 12·5 11·8 Fresh fruit 12·5 Breakfast cereals 13·7 12·6
Yoghurts 11·1 Sweets 13·1 13·1 Sweets 9·9 Cookies 11·4 10·6 Sweets 8·5 Cakes 10·2 9·5
Infant cereals 8·2 Cookies 10·4 9·8 Yoghurts 9·7 Breakfast cereals 10·7 10·3 Cakes 6·4 Cookies 9·4 8·7
Sweets 5·8 Soft drinks 5·9 5·8 Milkshakes 9·0 Milkshakes 10·7 10·0 Yoghurts 6·4 Yoghurts 8·1 7·6
Human milk 5·0 Milkshakes 5·8 5·5 Cakes 5·0 Cakes 8·6 8·0 Breakfast cereals 6·1 Milkshakes 4·5 4·3
Milkshakes 3·8 Breakfast cereals 5·2 4·7 Cookies 5·0 Nectars 3·0 5·0 Cookies 4·8 Nectars 4·5 6·7
Soups 3·7 Cakes 4·6 4·2 Breakfast cereals 4·5 Table sugar 2·8 2·6 Nectars 4·4 Table sugar 4·1 3·7
Cookies 2·9 Nectars 3·1 3·9 Nectars 3·1 Infant cereals 1·7 1·6 Milkshakes 4·0 100 % Fruit juice/natural 0·0 3·5
100 % Fruit juice/natural 0·0 2·8

Food groups: ‘Milkshakes’ includes drinks made of milk and chocolate milk. ‘Milk alternatives’ includes rice, soya, almond, rye and coconut drinks; soya yoghurt and desserts. ‘Meat and charcuterie’ includes red, white meat, ham, chorizo, bacon, sausages. ‘Infant cereals’ include baby cereal with/without milk; single grain and multigrain. ‘Breakfast cereals’ includes wholegrain cereals; wheat flakes; chocolate cereals; fruit and fibre cereals; granola; cereal bars. ‘Cakes’ includes all types of cakes and pastry (homemade or confectioner’s). ‘Sweets’ includes honey; syrups; liquid sugar; candies, gums; chocolate snacks; ice creams. ‘Table sugar’ includes glucose, white and brown sugar added by the participant.