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. 2023 May 4;9(5):720–732. doi: 10.1038/s41477-023-01405-0

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a, Expression pattern of Lg1, arrow indicates subset of Lg1+ rim cells. Arrow indicates rim cell cluster. b, Overlap between upregulated genes in leaf-rim cells and previously collected developing leaf rim and ligule RNA-seq dataset. Numbers indicate fold enrichment and P values are the result of a hypergeometric test. c–e, RNA in situ hybridization of abaxial (Arf3a) (c), rim (Ns1/2) (d) and adaxial (Phb) (e) patterning genes in longitudinal sections of the developing ligule (arrowheads) at the midrib–central domain (c,e) and marginal domain (d). f–h, Expression of the same indicated patterning genes in median longitudinal sections of the shoot apex (f,h) and transverse (g) sections of the stem. Scale bars, 100 μm. i, RNA in situ hybridization of Wox3a/b transcripts (arrowhead) in a longitudinal section of the developing ligule at the midrib (central) domain and the leaf rim in the marginal domain (arrows). Scale bar, 100 μm. For micrograph data, n = 3. j, Scheme for assigning cells to adaxial, abaxial and mixed cell-identity categories. k, Colour-coded cell-type identities in the UMAP projection. l, Breakdown of cell identities among all cells, rim cells and ligule cells. Cell numbers are in bold, fold enrichment and associated P values for subpopulations compared with all cells in the dataset are the output of a two-sided hypergeometric test. FC, fold change; FDR, false discovery rate.