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. 2023 May 22;49:118–129. doi: 10.1016/j.nutos.2023.05.003

Table 3.

Beliefs regarding the use of dietary supplements and herbal products as a protective measure.

Questions No N (%) I don't know N (%) Yes N (%)
Dietary and herbal supplements can substitute food because they provide all nutritional benefits? 406 (79%) 77 (15%) 31 (6%)
Do you think vitamin C supplement helps increase immunity and reduce the chance of developing COVID- 19? 54 (10.5%) 67 (13%) 393 (76.5%)
Do you think vitamin D Helps increase immunity and reduce the chance of developing COVID-19? 89 (17.3%) 133 (25.9%) 292 (56.8%)
Do you think Zinc can improve immunity and reduce the chance of developing COVID-19? 55 (10.7%) 115 (22.4%) 344 (66.9%)
Do you think Probiotics can improve immunity and reduce the chance of developing COVID-19? 95 (18.5%) 330 (64.2%) 89 (17.3%)
Do you think Cumin can improve immunity and reduce the chance of developing COVID-19? 91 (17.7%) 267 (51.9%) 156 (30.4%)
Do you think Aniseed can improve immunity and reduce the chance of developing COVID-19? 112 (21.8%) 206 (40.1%) 196 (38.1%)
Do you think Sage can improve immunity and reduce the chance of developing COVID-19? 143 (27.8%) 230 (44.7%) 141 (27.4%)
Do you think Garlic can improve immunity and reduce the chance of developing COVID-19? 65 (12.6%) 125 (24.3%) 324 (63%)
Do you think Ginger can improve immunity and reduce the chance of developing COVID-19? 78 (15.2%) 160 (31.1%) 276 (53.7%)
Do you think Fish oil can improve immunity and reduce the chance of developing COVID-19? 89 (17.3%) 222 (43.2%) 203 (39.5%)
Do you think Honey can improve immunity and reduce the chance of developing COVID-19? 63 (12.3%) 123 (23.9%) 328 (63.8%)
Do you think Iron can improve immunity and reduce the chance of developing COVID-19? 94 (18.3%) 198 (38.5%) 222 (43.2%)
Do you think consuming Raw onion can improve immunity and reduce the chance of developing COVID-19? 86 (16.7%) 138 (26.8%) 290 (56.4%)
Do you think consuming Vinegar can improve your immunity and then reduce the chance of developing COVID-19? 140 (27.2%) 268 (52.1%) 106 (20.6%)
Do you think Salted water can improve immunity and reduce the chance of developing COVID-19? 145 (28.2%) 220 (42.8%) 149 (29%)
Do you think Folic Acid can improve immunity and reduce the chance of developing COVID-19? 107 (20.8%) 300 (58.4%) 107 (20.8%)
Do you think Magnesium can improve immunity and reduce the chance of developing COVID-19? 101 (19.6%) 292 (56.8%) 121 (23.5%)
Do you think Vitamin B-12 can improve immunity and reduce the chance of developing COVID-19? 102 (19.8%) 226 (44%) 186 (36.2%)
Do you think B-complex can improve immunity and reduce the chance of developing COVID-19? 81 (15.8%) 246 (47.9%) 187 (36.4%)
Do you think that consuming some dietary and herbal supplements is more effective in preventing COVID-19 compared to social distancing 296 (57.6%) 103 (20%) 115 (22.4%)
Do you think that some dietary and herbal supplements may have an impact on reducing the incidence of COVID-19? 96 (18.7%) 109 (21.2%) 309 (60.1%)
Do you think that some herbal and dietary supplements can be effective in treating COVID-19?
107 (20.8%)
124 (24.1%)
283 (55.1%)

No (%)
Not much (%)
Yes (%)
Does this pandemic increase your knowledge about nutritional supplements and herbal products and their role in enhancing your health? 70 (13.6%) 141 (27.4%) 303 (58.9%)