Table 1.

Summary of participants’ clinical features in discovery and validation cohort.

Criteria		Discovery cohort (N=348)					Validation cohort (N=169)
		Breast cancer (N = 167)		Healthy control (N = 181)		p-value (Breast cancer vs Healthy control)	Breast cancer (N = 72)		Healthy control (N = 97)		p-value (Breast cancer vs Healthy control)
		N	Percentage	N	Percentage		N	Percentage	N	Percentage
Gender	Female	167	100.0%	181	100.0%		72	100.0%	97	100.0%
	Male	0	0.0%	0	0.0%		0	0.0%	0	0.0%
Age	Median	51		50		Mann-Whitney test p-value=0.22	51		50		Mann-Whitney test p-value=0.43
	Min	25		30			28		31
	Max	80		75			78		77
Stage	I, IA, IB	32	19.2%				12	16.7%
	II, IIA, IIB	68	40.7%				32	44.4%
	III, IIIA	20	12.0%				14	19.4%
	NA	47	28.1%				14	19.4%
Subtype	HER2	23	13.8%				16	22.2%
	Luminal A	25	15.0%				8	11.1%
	Luminal B	39	23.4%				25	34.7%
	Luminal B-HER2	30	18.0%				7	9.7%
	TNBC	11	6.6%				2	2.8%
	NA	39	23.4%				14	19.4%