Table 5.

Effect of biochar on accumulation of various osmolyte and antioxidant activities under drought stress.

Crop	Drought stress	Biochar application	Effects	References
Rapeseed	35% FC	30 t ha−1	BC application increased SOD, POD, CAT, ASA, and GSH, proline, TSS and TSP accumulation.	Khan et al. (2021)
Pumpkin	60% FC	20 t ha−1	BC ameliorated the adverse effect of ROS, by increasing activity of SOD, POD, CAT, PPO, and APX and proline accumulation.	Langeroodi et al. (2019)
Ryegrass	25% FC	10% (w/w)	BC improved membrane stability, proline accumulation, and increased APX, POD and SOD activities.	Safari et al. (2022)
Sainfoin	64% FC	1.7%	Biochar decreased the content of soluble sugar (SS) and the activities of SOD, CAT, POD, APX and decreased MDA, H2O2 and proline contents.	Roy et al. (2022)
Wheat	75% FC	2%	Biochar upraised the levels proline, flavonoids, anthocyanin, phenolics, ascorbic acid, protein, glycine betaine and APX, POD and SOD.	Lalarukh et al. (2022)