Table 7.
Logistic regression analyses with type of infection (no = 0; yes = 1) as the dependent variable and sleep duration, sleep debt, chronic insomnia, and insomnia severity as predictors.
| Common cold (n = 895) OR (95% CI) |
Throat infection (n = 894) OR (95% CI) |
Ear infection (n = 894) OR (95% CI) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | |
| Sleep duration | ||||||
| 6–9 h | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| <6 h | 1.29 (0.95–1.75) | 1.36 (0.99–1.89) | 1.51 (0.98–2.23) | 1.60 (1.02–2.50) | 2.84 (1.45–5.57) | 2.92 (1.45–5.85) |
| >9 h | 0.89 (0.32–2.49) | 0.74 (0.26–2.13) | 3.96 (1.32–11.90) | 3.33 (1.06–10.48) | 5.19 (1.09–24.63) | 5.82 (1.12–30.09) |
| Sleep debt | ||||||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 15 min-2 hours | 1.45 (1.06–1.97) | 1.20 (0.87–1.66) | 1.35 (0.81–2.25) | 1.22 (0.72–2.06) | 1.03 (0.44–2.40) | 1.10 (0.46–2.64) |
| >2 h | 1.97 (1.28–3.03) | 1.67 (1.05–2.64) | 2.78 (1.52–5.07) | 2.58 (1.37–4.87) | 2.89 (1.15–7.26) | 2.84 (1.06–7.63) |
| Chronic insomnia | ||||||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Yes | 1.29 (0.99–1.67) | 1.27 (0.96–1.69) | 2.11 (1.39–3.21) | 2.06 (1.34–3.19) | 2.26 (1.11–4.61) | 2.43 (1.15–5.10) |
| Insomnia severity | ||||||
| No insomnia | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Subthreshold | 1.01 (0.75–1.36) | 0.96 (0.70–1.31) | 2.13 (1.31–3.46) | 2.05 (1.25–3.37) | 1.07 (0.46–2.45) | 1.06 (0.45–2.48) |
| Insomnia | 1.22 (0.87–1.72) | 1.27 (0.88–1.84) | 2.58 (1.53–4.35) | 2.55 (1.48–4.39) | 2.42 (1.11–5.28) | 2.45 (1.08–5.52) |
| Sinusitis (n = 894) OR (95% CI) |
Pneumonia/bronchitis (n = 894) OR (95% CI) |
COVID-19 (n = 893) OR (95% CI) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | |
| Sleep duration | ||||||
| 6–9 h | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| <6 h | 1.45 (0.91–2.31) | 1.44 (0.88–2.34) | 1.75 (0.87–3.51) | 1.64 (0.81–3.36) | 0.85 (0.56–1.28) | 0.91 (0.60–1.39) |
| >9 h | 1.46 (0.32–6.61) | 1.16 (0.25–5.47) | NA | NA | 1.62 (0.51–5.16) | 1.72 (0.53–5.66) |
| Sleep debt | ||||||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 15 min-2 hours | 1.86 (1.03–3.36) | 1.56 (0.85–2.86) | 1.38 (0.54–3.53) | 1.39 (0.53–3.65) | 1.01 (0.68–1.50) | 0.99 (0.66–1.50) |
| >2 h | 2.83 (1.40–5.69) | 2.15 (1.04–4.46) | 3.88 (1.42–10.60) | 3.97 (1.37–11.52) | 0.91 (0.52–1.60) | 0.95 (0.53–1.72) |
| Chronic insomnia | ||||||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Yes | 1.93 (1.23–3.04) | 1.82 (1.13–2.92) | 2.39 (1.14–5.02) | 2.23 (1.04–4.78) | 0.79 (0.56–1.11) | 0.82 (0.58–1.17) |
| Insomnia severity | ||||||
| No insomnia | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Subthreshold | 1.92 (1.16–3.20) | 1.83 (1.08–3.08) | 1.92 (0.79–4.69) | 1.80 (0.73–4.45) | 0.86 (0.59–1.27) | 0.88 (0.59–1.30) |
| Insomnia | 1.82 (1.02–3.22) | 1.80 (0.98–3.30) | 3.67 (1.53–8.81) | 3.59 (1.46–8.87) | 0.74 (0.47–1.18) | 0.80 (0.49–1.28) |
| Influenzalike illness (n = 895) OR (95% CI) |
Skin infection (n = 895) OR (95% CI) |
Gastrointestinal infection (n = 895) OR (95% CI) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | |
| Sleep duration | ||||||
| 6–9 h | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| <6 h | 1.86 (1.36–2.56) | 1.81 (1.30–2.52) | 1.35 (0.94–1.92) | 1.28 (0.89–1.84) | 2.02 (1.42–2.89) | 1.91 (1.32–2.76) |
| >9 h | 1.29 (0.43–3.81) | 0.99 (0.33–3.03) | 0.96 (0.27–3.44) | 0.79 (0.22–2.90) | 2.51 (0.84–7.47) | 1.89 (0.61–5.81) |
| Sleep debt | ||||||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 15 min-2 hours | 1.62 (1.13–2.30) | 1.53 (1.06–2.21) | 2.13 (1.40–3.25) | 2.07 (1.35–3.19) | 1.30 (0.85–1.98) | 1.24 (0.81–1.92) |
| >2 h | 2.96 (1.87–4.67) | 2.66 (1.65–4.31) | 2.33 (1.36–3.99) | 2.15 (1.23–3.76) | 3.35 (2.02–5.54) | 2.80 (1.65–4.75) |
| Chronic insomnia | ||||||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Yes | 1.89 (1.41–2.52) | 1.77 (1.31–2.40) | 1.70 (1.23–2.35) | 1.64 (1.17–2.30) | 2.13 (1.51–3.02) | 1.94 (1.36–2.79) |
| Insomnia severity | ||||||
| No insomnia | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Subthreshold | 1.73 (1.25–2.41) | 1.62 (1.15–2.26) | 1.81 (1.25–2.64) | 1.75 (1.20–2.57) | 1.62 (1.08–2.44) | 1.52 (1.00–2.30) |
| Insomnia | 1.99 (1.38–2.89) | 1.90 (1.29–2.80) | 2.05 (1.35–3.10) | 2.06 (1.34–3.18) | 3.46 (2.27–5.27) | 3.23 (2.08–5.02) |
| Urinary infection (n = 895) OR (95% CI) |
Venereal disease (n = 894) OR (95% CI) |
Eye infection (n = 894) OR (95% CI) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | Crude | Adjusted | |
| Sleep duration | ||||||
| 6–9 h | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| <6 h | 1.30 (0.68–2.48) | 1.01 (0.51–1.97) | 1.38 (0.47–4.01) | 1.24 (0.39–3.95) | 1.57 (0.94–2.63) | 1.50 (0.88–2.56) |
| >9 h | 2.93 (0.63–13.51) | 1.86 (0.37–9.45) | 4.21 (0.51–34.92) | 2.33 (0.25–21.87) | 0.91 (0.12–7.07) | 1.02 (0.13–8.17) |
| Sleep debt | ||||||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| 15 min-2 hours | 0.72 (0.37–1.40) | 0.68 (0.34–1.38) | 0.60 (0.21–1.76) | 0.47 (0.16–1.45) | 1.62 (0.88–3.00) | 1.63 (0.87–3.07) |
| >2 h | 1.23 (0.54–2.82) | 0.91 (0.37–2.21) | 0.90 (0.22–3.67) | 0.45 (0.10–2.07) | 1.46 (0.64–3.32) | 1.33 (0.55–3.20) |
| Chronic insomnia | ||||||
| No | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Yes | 0.85 (0.48–1.51) | 0.62 (0.33–1.16) | 1.00 (0.38–2.62) | 0.72 (0.25–2.06) | 1.91 (1.15–3.17) | 1.99 (1.17–3.36) |
| Insomnia severity | ||||||
| No insomnia | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Subthreshold | 0.99 (0.51–1.92) | 0.80 (0.40–1.59) | 1.64 (0.51–5.21) | 1.29 (0.39–4.24) | 1.78 (0.97–3.24) | 1.84 (1.00–3.39) |
| Insomnia | 1.12 (0.54–2.34) | 0.86 (0.39–1.93) | 1.87 (0.54–6.55) | 1.21 (0.31–4.75) | 2.76 (1.49–5.12) | 2.95 (1.54–5.63) |
CI, confidence interval. NA, not applicable. The logistic regression analyses were adjusted for gender, age, marital status, country of birth, children living at home, and educational level. Significant results are indicated in bold.