Table 2.
Summary of meta-analysis results.
| Number of studies | Pooled Percentage (95% CI) | I2 (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Etiology | |||
| Spontaneous | 21 | 10.2% | |
| Trauma | 21 | 87.17% | |
| Others | 21 | 2.65% | |
| Surgical method | |||
| Coil | 17 | 33.03% | |
| Balloons | 8 | 23.85% | |
| Stent | 3 | 12.23% | |
| Gluebran | 6 | 4.36% | |
| Onyx | 9 | 6.96% | |
| nBCA | 4 | 0.92% | |
| Covered stent | 5 | 2.60% | |
| Multiple | 19 | 13.76% | |
| Other | 3 | 2.29% | |
| Clinical symptoms | |||
| Chemosis | 22 | 84% (79.0%–88.0%) | 91.6% |
| Proptosis | 18 | 79% (72.0%–86.0%) | 91.84% |
| Exophthalmos | 5 | 89% (78.0%–100.0%) | 75.7% |
| Bruits | 15 | 75% (67.0%–82.0%) | 90.7% |
| Cranial nerve palsy | 14 | 49% (32.0%–66.0%) | 95.1% |
| Diplopia | 11 | 56% (42.0%–71.0%) | 92.3% |
| Orbital and pre-orbital pain | 6 | 31% (14.0%–48.0%) | 89.9% |
| Tinnitus | 9 | 32% (6.0%–58.0%) | 96.7% |
| Elevated intraocular pressure | 4 | 29% (22.0%–36.0%) | 0.0% |
| Visual decline | 14 | 39% (32.0%–45.0%) | 71.4% |
| Headache | 9 | 24% (13.0%–34.0%) | 74.98% |
| Surgical approaches | |||
| Direct fistulas | 28 | 48.05% | |
| Indirect fistulas | 28 | 51.95% | |
| Trans arterial route | 28 | 56% (39.0%–73.0%) | 99.93% |
| Trans venous route | 28 | 45% (25.0%–65.0%) | 99.95% |
| Both Trans arterial and Transvenous routes | 28 | 0% (0%-1%) | 100.0% |
| Treatment outcome | |||
| Immediate complete occlusion of fistula | 20 | 75% (67.0%–83.0%) | 99.3% |
| Complete remission | 17 | 82% (71%–94%) | 99.0% |
| Recurrence | 13 | 35% (5.0%–66.0%) | 99.5% |
| Cranial nerve paralysis | 6 | 5% (1.0%–9.0%) | 1.3% |