Table 4.
Demographics, Clinical Variables, and Death in the Study Groups
| Exitus n = 20 |
Non-exitus n = 100 |
P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 70.15 ± 14.16 | 61.96 ± 13.47 | .016† | ||
| Sex n (%) | |||||
| Male | 10 (50) | 59 (59) | .47 | ||
| Female | 10 (50) | 41 (41) | |||
| Group n (%) | |||||
| Tx patients | 9 (45) | 21 (21) | .029† | ||
| Non-Tx patients | 11 (55) | 79 (79) | |||
| Transplant age (mo) | 48 (187-19) | 51 (164-10) | .92 | ||
| Baseline creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.4 (2.5-0.49) | 0.88 (8.9-0.35) | .003† | ||
| Baseline eGFR (mL/min) | 49.89 ± 23.35 | 73.74 ± 27.33 | < .001† | ||
| Hypertension n (%) | 18 (90) | 59 (59) | .014† | ||
| Active smoking n (%) | 0 (0) | 6 (6) | .25 | ||
| Dyslipidemia n (%) | 17 (85) | 41 (41) | < .001† | ||
| Diabetes mellitus n (%) | 11 (55) | 28 (28) | .024† | ||
| Obesity n (%) | 4 (20) | 18 (18) | .88 | ||
| Ischemic heart disease n (%) | 4 (20) | 11 (11) | .29 | ||
| Peripheral vascular disease n (%) | 2 (10) | 16 (16) | .46 | ||
| Cerebral vascular disease n (%) | 6 (30) | 6 (6) | .001† | ||
| COPD n (%) | 3 (15) | 16 (16) | .86 | ||
| Active neoplasm | 3 (15) | 9 (9.3) | .44 | ||
| Vaccine doses received n (%) | |||||
| None | 9 (45) | 58 (58) | .6 | ||
| 1 | 1 (5) | 5 (5) | |||
| 2 | 5 (25) | 12 (12) | |||
| 3 | 5 (25) | 21 (21) | |||
| 4 | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | |||
| Anti-SARS-CoV-2 titer at dx (BAU/mL) | 0 | 0 (2081.2-0) | .12 | ||
| TbStDx (d)* | 3.5 (10-0) | 5 (45-0) | .04† | ||
| Charlson comorbidity index | 5 (8-0) | 3 (11-0) | .001† | ||
| Creatinine at dx (mg/dL) | 2.1 ± 1.18 | 2.26 ± 8.34 | .08 | ||
| eGFR at dx (mL/min) | 37.95 ± 22.91 | 70.48 ± 29.93 | < .001† | ||
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 174.9 (1682-40.8) | 23.2 (1004.6-1) | .002† | ||
| Reactive C Protein (mg/l) | 150.01 ± 99.23 | 96.79 ± 83.29 | .013 | ||
| Leukocyte count (cells*10³/mm³) | 7.8 (27.25-3.27) | 7.05 (27.79-2.76) | .32 | ||
| Hemoglobin (gr/dL) | 12.17 ± 2.46 | 12.95 ± 4.46 | .12 | ||
| Platelet count (cells*10³/mm³) | 196.5 (381-112) | 202 (777-50) | .88 | ||
| Lactate dehydrogenase (U/L) | 820.21 ± 332.26 | 590.9 ± 257.05 | 0.004† | ||
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | 346.5 (46768-148) | 251 (6574-80) | .008† | ||
| MULBSTA score | 13.35 ± 2.37 | 8.94 ± 4 | < .001† | ||
| Horowitz index | 202.62 ± 115.06 | 285.41 ± 89.6 | .002† | ||
| AKI at admission n (%) | 13 (65) | 15 (15) | < .001† | ||
| AKIN n (%) | |||||
| 1 | 4 (30.8) | 12 (80) | .013† | ||
| 2 | 4 (30.8) | 3 (20) | |||
| 3 | 5 (38.4) | 0 (0) | |||
| ICU admission | 9 (45) | 10 (10) | .001† | ||
| Shock n (%) | 8 (40) | 3 (3) | < .001† | ||
| Ventilatory support/O2 therapy n (%) | 16 | 26 | |||
| High flow nasal cannula O2 | 9 (56.2) | 20 (76.9) | < .001† | ||
| Non-invasive mechanical ventilation | 3 (18.8) | 4 (15.4) | |||
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 4 (25) | 2 (7.7) | |||
| AKI during follow-up n (%) | 9 (45) | 6 (6) | < .001† | ||
| AKIN during follow-up n (%) | |||||
| 1 | 1 (11.1) | 4 (70) | .02† | ||
| 2 | 2 (22.2) | 2 (30) | |||
| 3 | 6 (66.7) | 0 (0) | |||
| CVVHD/HD n (%) | 3 (15) | 2 (2) | .01† | ||
| Concomitant infection n (%) | 11 (55) | 22 (22) | .003† | ||
| Respiratory | 5 (45.45) | 17 (77.37) | .005† | ||
| Urinary | 4 (36.37) | 3 (13.63) | |||
| Skin | 0 (0) | 1 (4.5) | |||
| Abdominal | 1 (9.09) | 1 (4.5) | |||
| Joint | 1 (9.09) | 0 (0) | |||
| COVID-19 pharmacologic therapy n (%) | |||||
| Tocilizumab | 9 (45) | 29 (29) | .29 | ||
| N° of doses | 1 ± 0.63 | 0.94 ± 0.48 | .56 | ||
| Dexamethasone | 15 (75) | 77 (77) | .66 | ||
| Initial dose (md/d) | 6 (15-0) | 6 (8-0) | .96 | ||
| Remdesivir | 3 (15) | 18 (18) | .7 | ||
| Hydroxychloroquine | 2 (10) | 4 (4) | .27 | ||
| Nosocomial infection n (%) | 5 (25) | 9 (9) | .04† | ||
| Opportunistic infection n (%) | 6 (30) | 5 (5) | .001† | ||
| Final creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.87 (4.8-0.56) | 0.8 (5.8-0.31) | .003† | ||
| Final eGFR (mL/min) | 42.44 ± 27.74 | 77.06 ± 27.91 | < .001† | ||
| Hospitalization time (d) | 12 (34-1) | 7 (9-1) | .02† | ||
| ICU time (d) | 17.75 ± 8.44 | 14.92 ± 17.13 | .27 | ||
| Functioning graft at death n (%) | 7 (77.8) | 21 (100) | .08 | ||
| Logistic Regression Model. | |||||
| B | E.T. | P Value | Exp(B) | IC 95% | |
| Dyslipidemia | –4.77 | 2.18 | .029 | 0.008 | 0.00-0.61 |
| eGFR at dx (mL/min) | –0.051 | 0.025 | .041 | 0.95 | 0.9-0.99 |
| MULBSTA | 0.49 | 0.2 | .016 | 1.63 | 1.09-2.43 |
| Ventilatory support | 1.32 | 0.64 | .041 | 3.75 | 1.05-13.34 |
R2 Nagelkerke: 0.71.
AKI, acute kidney injury; AKIN, Acute Kidney Injury Network; B, …; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CVVHD; dx, diagnosis; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; E.T stantdard Error, …; HD, hemodialysis; ICU, intensive care unit; CI, confidence interval; IL, interleukin; TbStDx, time between symptom onset to diagnosis; Tx, transplant.
⁎
TbStDx.
†
P < .05.