Table 2.
Malnutrition prevalence by wealth, education level, ethnicity and residence area by age groups in Mexico – Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2012)
| Undernutrition | Excess weight | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total‡ | Wasting/underweight§ | Stunting/short stature|| | Anemia¶ | Overweight (including obesity)** | Obesity†† | |||||||
| n | % | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | % | 95 % CI | |
| Children <5 years | ||||||||||||
| All | 10 658 | 100·0 | 2·8 | 2·4, 3·3 | 13·6 | 12·6, 14·7 | 23·3 | 21·7, 24·9 | 9·7 | 8·8, 10·6 | 2·1 | 1·8, 2·6 |
| Wealth | ||||||||||||
| Low tertile | 4292 | 33·4 | 5·0 | 4·2, 6·0 | 22·2 | 20·1, 24·4 | 26·1 | 23·7, 28·6 | 8·7 | 7·3, 10·2 | 1·0 | 0·7, 1·4 |
| Medium tertile | 3717 | 34·5 | 1·6* | 1·1, 2·3 | 10·5* | 9·1, 12·2 | 23·0 | 20·5, 25·6 | 10·4 | 8·9, 11·8 | 2·9* | 2·1, 4·0 |
| High tertile | 2649 | 32·1 | 1·8* | 1·1, 2·9 | 8·0* † | 6·6, 9·8 | 20·4* | 17·4, 23·5 | 10·0 | 8·3, 11·7 | 2·5* | 1·9, 3·4 |
| Mother’s education level‡‡ | ||||||||||||
| Low (0–6 years) | 3153 | 26·6 | 4·4 | 3·5, 5·6 | 21·2 | 18·8, 23·9 | 24·2 | 21·5, 26·9 | 8·9 | 7·4, 10·3 | 1·9 | 1·4, 2·7 |
| Medium (7–12 years) | 6172 | 60·9 | 2·3* | 1·8, 2·8 | 11·6* | 10·5, 12·8 | 23·9 | 21·7, 26·0 | 9·8 | 8·6, 11·0 | 2·1 | 1·6, 2·7 |
| High (>12 years) | 1000 | 12·5 | 2·1* | 0·9, 5·0 | 8·0* † | 5·6, 11·4 | 18·6* † | 14·6, 22·6 | 10·1 | 7·6, 12·5 | 2·1 | 1·2, 3·5 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Indigenous | 1302 | 8·7 | 7·8 | 6·1, 9·9 | 33·5 | 29·4, 37·9 | 24·8 | 21·1, 28·9 | 9·9 | 7·6, 12·3 | 3·0 | 1·7, 5·3 |
| Non-indigenous | 9356 | 91·3 | 2·3* | 1·9, 2·8 | 11·7* | 10·7, 12·8 | 23·1 | 21·5, 24·8 | 9·7 | 8·8, 10·6 | 2·0 | 1·7, 2·5 |
| Residence area | ||||||||||||
| Rural | 4089 | 25·5 | 4·6 | 3·7, 5·5 | 20·9 | 18·8, 23·1 | 25·1 | 22·7, 27·6 | 8·2 | 7·0, 9·5 | 1·5 | 1·1, 2·0 |
| Urban | 6569 | 74·5 | 2·2* | 1·7, 2·7 | 11·1* | 9·9, 12·3 | 22·6 | 20·8, 24·6 | 10·2* | 9·1, 11·3 | 2·3* | 1·8, 2·9 |
| Women 11–19 years | ||||||||||||
| All | 8044 | 100·0 | 1·6 | 1·2, 2·0 | 13·1 | 12·0, 14·3 | 7·7 | 6·6, 8·9 | 36·0 | 34·4, 37·7 | 12·1 | 11·0, 13·3 |
| Wealth | ||||||||||||
| Low tertile | 2786 | 29·3 | 1·6 | 1·1, 2·3 | 22·7 | 20·1, 25·4 | 9·7 | 7·8, 11·6 | 29·9 | 27·2, 32·7 | 8·3 | 7·0, 9·7 |
| Medium tertile | 2737 | 32·8 | 1·8 | 1·2, 2·7 | 12·9* | 10·9, 15·2 | 6·9* | 5·4, 8·4 | 38·0* | 35·0, 41·0 | 13·5* | 11·6, 15·7 |
| High tertile | 2521 | 37·8 | 1·3 | 0·8, 2·0 | 5·9* † | 4·8, 7·2 | 6·8* | 4·9, 8·7 | 39·0* | 36·1, 42·0 | 13·9* | 12·1, 16·0 |
| Mother’s education level‡‡ | ||||||||||||
| Low (0–6 years) | 3348 | 46·3 | 2·0 | 1·4, 2·8 | 17·5 | 15·6, 19·7 | 7·3 | 5·7, 8·9 | 33·0 | 30·4, 35·7 | 10·5 | 8·9, 12·4 |
| Medium (7–12 years) | 3011 | 44·2 | 1·3 | 0·8, 1·9 | 9·3* | 7·7, 11·2 | 6·6 | 5·3, 7·9 | 38·0* | 35·4, 40·7 | 12·9 | 11·2, 14·7 |
| High (>12 years) | 543 | 9·5 | 2·2 | 1·0, 4·6 | 4·1* † | 2·3, 7·4 | 9·9 | 3·9, 15·9 | 39·5 | 33·2, 45·9 | 16·6* | 12·1, 22·3 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Indigenous | 995 | 9·8 | 1·7 | 0·7, 3·9 | 38·8 | 33·8, 44·0 | 7·3 | 5·3, 9·9 | 24·6 | 20·6, 28·6 | 5·0 | 3·6, 7·0 |
| Non-indigenous | 7049 | 90·2 | 1·5 | 1·2, 2·0 | 10·3* | 9·3, 11·5 | 7·7 | 6·6, 9·1 | 37·3* | 35·5, 39·0 | 12·9* | 11·7, 14·2 |
| Residence area | ||||||||||||
| Rural | 2913 | 25·4 | 1·7 | 1·1, 2·5 | 21·5 | 19·1, 24·1 | 7·5 | 6·1, 9·2 | 27·3 | 25·1, 29·6 | 7·4 | 6·2, 8·7 |
| Urban | 5131 | 74·6 | 1·5 | 1·1, 2·0 | 10·3* | 9·0, 11·6 | 7·7 | 6·4, 9·3 | 39·0* | 36·9, 41·1 | 13·7* | 12·3, 15·3 |
| Women 20–49 years | ||||||||||||
| All | 14 542 | 100·0 | 1·5 | 1·2, 1·9 | 21·8 | 20·7, 22·9 | 13·0 | 12·2, 14·0 | 70·6 | 69·3, 71·9 | 35·3 | 34·0, 36·5 |
| Wealth | ||||||||||||
| Low tertile | 4925 | 25·2 | 1·3 | 1·0, 1·8 | 37·6 | 35·4, 39·9 | 14·8 | 13·3, 16·3 | 69·2 | 67·2, 71·1 | 34·6 | 32·6, 36·7 |
| Medium tertile | 4997 | 33·1 | 2·1 | 1·4, 3·0 | 21·7* | 19·9, 23·5 | 14·0 | 12·2, 15·7 | 72·7* | 70·6, 74·8 | 35·7 | 33·6, 37·7 |
| High tertile | 4620 | 41·7 | 1·2 | 0·8, 1·9 | 12·3* † | 10·9, 13·9 | 11·3* † | 9·8, 12·7 | 69·7 | 67·5, 71·9 | 35·4 | 33·3, 37·5 |
| Education level | ||||||||||||
| Low (0–6 years) | 5221 | 30·1 | 0·7 | 0·4, 1·0 | 36·4 | 34·2, 38·7 | 14·1 | 12·5, 15·7 | 77·8 | 75·8, 79·8 | 41·5 | 39·3, 43·6 |
| Medium (7–12 years) | 7294 | 51·9 | 1·9* | 1·4, 2·5 | 18·1* | 16·8, 19·5 | 13·1 | 11·7, 14·4 | 70·5* | 68·8, 72·2 | 34·9* | 33·2, 36·7 |
| High (>12 years) | 2027 | 18·0 | 1·9* | 1·1, 3·3 | 8·2* † | 6·7, 10·1 | 11·2 | 8·8, 13·7 | 58·6* † | 55·1, 62·1 | 25·9* † | 23·2, 28·8 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Indigenous | 1578 | 7·5 | 1·6 | 0·5, 5·1 | 62·2 | 57·7, 66·5 | 14·6 | 12·1, 17·6 | 69·5 | 65·7, 73·3 | 27·8 | 24·4, 31·5 |
| Non-indigenous | 12 964 | 92·5 | 1·5 | 1·2, 1·9 | 18·5* | 17·5, 19·6 | 12·9 | 12·0, 13·9 | 70·7 | 69·3, 72·0 | 35·9* | 34·6, 37·2 |
| Residence area | ||||||||||||
| Rural | 9599 | 78·8 | 1·6 | 1·2, 2·0 | 19·0 | 17·8, 20·3 | 12·8 | 11·7, 13·9 | 71·0 | 69·5, 72·5 | 36·2 | 34·7, 37·7 |
| Urban | 4943 | 21·2 | 1·5 | 1·1, 2·0 | 32·1* | 30·0, 34·2 | 14·0* | 12·5, 15·6 | 69·0 | 66·8, 71·1 | 31·9* | 29·9, 34·0 |
Weighted %.
Wasting: weight-for-height z-score <–2 for children <5 years; underweight: BMI-for-age z-score <–2 for women 11–19 years; and BMI < 18·5 for women 20–49 years.
Stunting: height-for-age <–2 for children <5 years; height-for-age z-score <–2 for women 11–19 years; and short stature: height <1·49 m for women 20–49 years.
Anemia: Hb adjusted using the Cohen and Haas equation <110 g/l for children <5 years; and <120 g/l for women 11–49 years. The sample size for anaemia was 7366 for children <5 years, 6706 for women 11–19 years and 12 073 among women 20–49 years.
Overweight (including obesity): BMI-for-age z-score >2 for children <5 years; BMI-for-age z-score >1 for adolescents 15–19 years; and BMI ≥ 25·0 kg/m2 for women 20–49 years.
Obesity: BMI-for-age z-score >3 for children <5 years; BMI-for-age z-score >2 for women 11–19 years; and BMI ≥ 30·0 for women 20–49 years.
The sample size by mother’s education level was 10 325 for children <5 years and 6902 for women 11–19 years.
P < 0·05 v. low tertile/low education/indigenous.
P < 0·05 v. medium tertile/medium education.