Of the 4363 participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) included in the analysis, 1769 died from any cause. A, Unadjusted plot included all the 4363 participants with COPD. B, Plot adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, pack-years of smoking, postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second, and computed tomography measures of emphysema and airway wall thickness and included 4166 participants with COPD. The median years of follow-up were 10.3 (IQR, 5.4-12.3), 8.7 (IQR, 5.0-12.0), and 7.1 (IQR, 3.9-11.6) for participants in mucus plug score categories of 0, 1 to 2, and 3 or more, respectively.