Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of study participants (N = 510)
| Characteristics | Study Participants | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Swedish Descent a | Middle Eastern Descent b | ||
| Total, n (%) | 510 (100) | 278 (100) | 232 (100) | - |
| Female, n (%) | 291 (57.1) | 156 (56.1) | 135 (58.2) | 0.64c |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 51.0 (14.5) | 55.8 (15.0) | 45.3 (11.7) | < 0.001d |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 28.5 (6.2) | 28.2 (5.8) | 28.9 (6.8) | 0.21d |
| Waist circumference, male, mean (SD), cm | 102.7 (14.0) | 104.8 (13.5) | 100.1 (14.2) | 0.01d |
| Waist circumference, female, mean (SD), cm | 94.2 (13.4) | 95.8 (14.0) | 92.8 (12.6) | 0.05d |
| Smoking, n (%) | 96 (18.9) | 37 (38.5) | 59 (61.5) | < 0.001c |
a Born in Sweden to parents born in Sweden
b Born in or one parent born in Turkey, Iran, or Iraq [including region of Kurdistan]
c Based on the chi-square test
d Based on t-test
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; s-25(OH)D, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D