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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: Semin Vasc Surg. 2022 Dec 22;36(1):100–113. doi: 10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2022.12.001

Fig. 3 –

Fig. 3 –

The social-ecological model. the social-ecological model operationalizes the ecological perspective of health, which posits that the health of an individual is affected at multiple and interacting levels. From Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [11].