Table 2.
Summary of herpes simplex viruses applied on breast malignancies.
| Applied virus | Design features | Benefit and limitation of the therapy | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| HF10 | Naturally mutated HSV-1 | Prolonged survival rate in breast cancer-bearing mice | 47 |
| 30–100% regression of tumor in breast cancer patients | |||
| Oncolysis in 6 patients with recurrent breast tumor | 1 | ||
| HF10 + bevacizumab | Combination therapy | Oncolysis in human breast carcinoma xenografts | 52 |
| T-VEC or IMLYGIC or OncoVEXGM-CSF | Deletion of the herpes simplex virus ICP34.5 and ICP47 genes, armed with two copies of GM-CSF gene replaced in ICP34.5 gene region | Oncolysis in 30 patients with various types of metastatic tumors, including breast cancer | 49,50 |
| Reduction in tumor size | |||
| Oncolysis in regional and distant lesions in 14 breast cancer patients | 51 | ||
| M002 | γ134.5-deleted HSV-1 expressing IL-12 | Oncolysis against breast cancer with brain metastases | 2 |
| HSV1716Ing4 | Insertion of an inhibitor of growth 4 into an oHSV | Oncolysis in breast cancer cells in vivo | 51 |
| oHSV + Doxorubicin | Combination therapy | Oncolysis in a subcutaneous syngeneic model | 51 |
| oHSV + Mitoxantrone | Combination therapy | Increasing immune response and oncolysis in an immunocompetent model | 51 |
| HER2-retargeted oncolytic HSV | Generated by modification of single-chain antibody (scFv) to HER-2 in gD | >50% reduction in metastatic breast cancer in NSG mice | 56 |
| oHSV + Losartan | Combination therapy | Oncolysis by increasing oHSV dissemination within tumors | 51 |
| HSV-15PGDH | oHSV-1 expressing 15-prostaglandin dehydrogenase | Oncolysis and prevention of lung metastasis in breast cancer-bearing mice | 58 |
| HSV-1 1716 | Deletion of ICP34.5 | Oncolysis of primary breast tumors in a mouse model and reduction of lung metastasis | 59 |
| oHSV KM100 | ICP0 mutation of HSV-1 | Long term tumor regression in a breast cancer model with increased survival rate | 60 |
| G47Δ | A G207 with ICP47 and the US11 promoter deletions | Oncolysis of both primary and secondary breast tumors in brain | 61 |
| 9-fold reduction in lung metastasis of breast cancer models | 62 | ||
| oncolysis of breast cancer stem cells in vitro and in vivo | 3 | ||
| G47Δ + paclitaxel | A G207 with ICP47 and the US11 promoter deletions accompanied by paclitaxel | Increased apoptosis in breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo | 53 |
| Increased oncolysis against NCSCs and CSCs | 63 | ||
| G47Δ + mannitol | Combination therapy | Oncolysis and increased survival rate in nude mice bearing intracerebral human breast tumors | 24 |
| NV1042 | Insertion of a murine interleukin (IL)-12 in NV1023 | Oncolysis of peripheral breast tumors | 61 |
| NV1066 | Removing single-copy of ICP-4, ICP-0, and g134.5 on HSV-1 | Oncolysis of TNBC cell lines by targeting the MEK/MAPK pathway | 64 |