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. 2023 Feb 22;14(3):539–554. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.02.002

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

Forest plots of the effects of orally ingested probiotics compared with placebo on the incidence and duration of gastrointestinal tract infections (GTIs) in nonelderly adults. (A) Risk of experiencing ≥1 GTIs (I2 = 51.8, P = 0.04); (B) days per individual GTI episode (I2 = 0, P = 0.86); (C) total days of illness with GTI (I2 = 84.1, P < 0.001). (A–C) Complete case random-effects meta-analysis using the inverse variance method by DerSimonian and Laird [60]. Individual study effect estimates (squares; sized by study weight) and pooled effects (diamonds) are plotted. Lower and upper limits are 95% CIs. Grp, group; H., Hansen; L., Lactobacillus; NT, nontraveler; Pop., population; S., Saccharomyces; T, travelers. Multistrain_1: L. acidophilus, L. bulgaricus; Multistrain_2: L. casei DN-114-001, Streptococcus thermophilus, L. delbreuckii; Multistrain_3: L. rhamnosus GG, B. animalis ssp. lactis BB12.