Table 1.
Baseline characteristics according to sex
| Variable | Women | Men | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 2133) | (n = 2790) | ||
| Age (years) | 66 (10) | 65 (10) | 0.007 |
| Duration of diabetes mellitus (years) | 14.3 (9.8) | 16.5 (10.9) | < 0.001 |
| History of cardiovascular disease (%) | 17.4% (370) | 25.0% (697) | < 0.001 |
| History of coronary heart disease (% ) | 10.8% (230) | 16.1% (449) | < 0.001 |
| History of stroke (%) | 8.5% (181) | 11.8% (328) | < 0.001 |
| Current alcohol drinking (%) | 16.5% (351) | 56.5% (1,575) | < 0.001 |
| Total energy intake (kcal/day) | 1,508 (412) | 1,826 (506) | < 0.001 |
| Oral hypoglycemic agent use (%) | 63.5% (1,355) | 63.2% (1,762) | 0.79 |
| Insulin use (%) | 30.8% (656) | 27.4% (763) | 0.01 |
| Anti-hypertensive agent use (%) | 55.7% (1,188) | 52.7% (1,469) | 0.04 |
| Anti-hyperlipidemic agent use (%) | 58.4% (1,246) | 41.1% (1,147) | < 0.001 |
| Statins use (%) | 53.7% (1,146) | 35.5% (991) | < 0.001 |
| Laxative use (%) | 26.2% (558) | 15.9% (443) | < 0.001 |
| Menopause (%) | 92.3% (1,968) |
Values shown as mean (SD) for continuous variables, and as percentage (number) for categorical variables
Percentage of postmenopausal participants was calculated among women