Table 2.
Hemodynamic and echocardiographic parameters of the two groups
| Study population (n = 290) | NonCPE (n = 204) | CPE (n = 86) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (bpm) | 93 ± 18 | 94 ± 18 | 93 ± 18 | 0.506 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 81 (72, 88) | 81 (72, 87) | 82 (73, 91) | 0.219 |
| CVP (mmHg) | 8 (6, 10) | 8 (6, 10) | 9 (7, 12) | 0.008 |
| TAPSE (mm) | 19.0 ± 5.1 | 19.1 ± 5.2 | 18.8 ± 5.0 | 0.657 |
| FAC (%) | 44 ± 12 | 46 ± 12 | 41 ± 13 | 0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 58 (43, 68) | 63 (51, 69) | 43 (35, 55) | < 0.001 |
| MAPSE | 12.6 ± 3.8 | 13.7 ± 3.5 | 10.1 ± 3.1 | < 0.001 |
| TAPSE/MAPSE ratio | 1.5 (1.3, 1.9) | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) | 1.9 (1.4, 2.4) | < 0.001 |
| E velocity (cm/s) | 70 (56, 88) | 63 (52, 76) | 97 (85, 110) | < 0.001 |
| A velocity (cm/s) | 73 (57, 87) | 73 (59, 85) | 67 (42, 99) | 0.509 |
| e’(cm/s) | 7.8 (6.2, 9.4) | 8.3 (6.7, 10.0) | 6.5 (4.9, 7.5) | < 0.001 |
| E/e’ | 8.7 (6.6, 11.9) | 7.6 (6.2, 9.7) | 15.1 (12.7, 18.5) | < 0.001 |
| LAVI (ml/m2) | 35 (26, 46) | 32 (24, 46) | 42 (32, 50) | < 0.001 |
| TR(m/s) | 2.3 (2.1, 2.6) | 2.2 (2.0, 2.5) | 2.6 (2.4, 3.0) | < 0.001 |
| PASP | 27.5 (22.5, 35.6) | 26.1 (21.2, 32.8) | 35.0 (27.7, 45.9) | < 0.001 |
| DIVC (mm) | 13 ± 4.4 | 16.3 ± 4.4 | 19.9 ± 4.3 | < 0.001 |
| LVOT-VTI (cm) | 17.2 ± 4.6 | 17.4 ± 4.5 | 16.2 ± 5.0 | 0.087 |
| CI (L/min/m2) | 3.3 (2.6, 3.9) | 3.3 (2.7, 3.9) | 3.1 (2.4, 3.6) | 0.033 |
CPE: cardiogenic pulmonary edema; HR: heart rate; MAP: mean arterial pressure; CVP: central venous pressure; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; MAPSE: mitral annular plane systolic excursion; FAC: right ventricular fractional area change; TR: tricuspid regurgitation; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; e’: mitral e’ velocity; DIVC: diameter of inferior vena cava; LVOT-VTI: left ventricular outflow tract velocity-time integral; CI: cardiac index