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. 2023 May 22;11:109. doi: 10.1186/s40168-023-01511-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — Variations in rhizobacterial communities under exogenous glycyrrhizin addition. a Principal coordinate analysis of rhizobacterial communities between two sampling compartments (BS, bulk soil; RS, rhizosphere soil) among different sampling stages and treatments. b Venn diagrams of enriched and persistent taxa between different treatments. I, initial sampling stage; M, middle sampling stage; F, final sampling stage; A, allelochemical treatment; W, water treatment. N, no treatment in initial samples. c The top eight bacterial families were identified using random-forest classification of the relative abundance of the persistent rhizobacterial taxa in allelochemical and water treatments. Bioindicators are ranked in descending order of importance to the accuracy of the model. The inset represents tenfold cross-validation error as a function of the number of input families used to differentiate allelochemical and water treatment rhizobacteria in order of variable importance. d Phylogenetic trees and relative abundance heatmaps of corresponding enriched and persistent taxa