Table 5.

Expression profiles of major secondary metabolite synthesis genes in licorice root under combined effects of allelochemical addition and rhizobacterial inoculants

Treatment	Group	HMGR	β-AS	CYP88D6	CYP72A154	LUS	CHS
-	I	0.79 ± 0.2 a	1.17 ± 0.15 c	1.04 ± 0.07 c	1.02 ± 0.11 ab	1.11 ± 0.1 ab	0.99 ± 0.07 a
A	C	1.09 ± 0.27 a	1.8 ± 0.37 bc	1.65 ± 0.2 ac	0.86 ± 0.18 ac	0.26 ± 0.03 c	0.24 ± 0.08 b
	N	1.32 ± 0.15 a	3.08 ± 0.67 a	2.11 ± 0.4 a	0.67 ± 0.13 bc	0.25 ± 0.01 c	0.17 ± 0.01 b
	E	1.31 ± 0.29 a	2.41 ± 0.09 ab	1.84 ± 0.09 ab	0.63 ± 0.05 c	0.31 ± 0.08 c	0.14 ± 0.02 b
	S	0.79 ± 0.41 a	2.06 ± 0.15 ac	1.13 ± 0.1 c	0.61 ± 0.05 c	0.25 ± 0.04 c	0.15 ± 0.03 b
W	C	0.96 ± 0.12 a	1.71 ± 0.18 bc	1.12 ± 0.23 c	0.67 ± 0.15 ac	0.2 ± 0.03 c	0.18 ± 0.07 b
	N	0.84 ± 0.33 a	1.81 ± 0.6 bc	1.32 ± 0.5 bc	1.05 ± 0.17 a	1.3 ± 0.52 a	0.26 ± 0.08 b
	E	0.96 ± 0.15 a	2.16 ± 0.38 ac	1.36 ± 0.08 bc	0.75 ± 0.18 ac	0.62 ± 0.11 bc	0.2 ± 0.01 b
	S	0.86 ± 0.11 a	1.72 ± 0.46 bc	1.24 ± 0.06 bc	0.59 ± 0.11 c	0.34 ± 0.09 c	0.15 ± 0.02 b
Group	F_values	2.098	5.541	6.637	5.210	14.570	88.392
	P_values	0.091	0.001	< 0.001	0.002	< 0.001	< 0.001

Values within the same column followed by different letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05; one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s HSD test). Bold P-values indicate significant differences (P < 0.05)

A allelochemical treatment, W water treatment, I initial sampling stage, C control: no inoculants, N Novosphingobium resinovorum inoculants, E Ensifer sesbaniae inoculants, S synthetic inoculants