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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 21.
Published in final edited form as: Appl Meas Educ. 2023 Feb 21;36(1):80–98. doi: 10.1080/08957347.2023.2172017

Table 2.

Psychometric Classification of Examinee Knowledge in MC Testing

Confidence Level Correct Incorrect
1 (Confident) Knowledge: “I was confident in my answer, and it was correct.” Blunder (misinformed or construct-irrelevant): “I was confident in my answer, and it was wrong.”
2 (Partially confident) Partial knowledge: “I was not sure of my answer, and it was correct.” Partial knowledge: “I was not sure of my answer, and it was wrong.”
3 (Not confident) Lucky guess (uninformed): “I was not confident in my answer, and it was correct.” Unlucky guess (uninformed): “I was not confident in my answer, and it was wrong.”