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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 May 4.
Published in final edited form as: Cell Stem Cell. 2023 Apr 20;30(5):512–529. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.03.017

Figure 2: Examples of hPSC protocols to generate the major CNS cell types affected in neurodegenerative diseases.

Figure 2:

An overview showing the key molecules applied and the approximate time taken to generate the cell products. AA=Ascorbic Acid; ACTA=Activin A; BDNF=brain derived neurotrophic factor; CHIR=CHIR99021, GSK3 Inhibitor, WNT activator; DAPT= gamma secretase inhibitor, Notch pathway inhibitor; dbcAMP=dibutyryl cyclic AMP; DKK1=dickkopf 1, WNT inhibitor; DM=Dorsomorphin, ALK2, ALK3, and ALK6 inhibitor; DMH-1= ALK1, ALK2, and ALK3 inhibitor; EB=Embryoid body; EGF=epidermal growth factor; FGF2=fibroblast growth factor 2; FGF8=fibroblast growth factor 8; FBS=fetal bovine serum; GDNF=glial cell derived growth factor; IGF1=insulin like growth factor 1; IL3=interleukin 3; IL6=interleukin 6; IL34=interleukin 34; IWP=WNT production inhibitor; IWR=WNT response inhibitor; LDN=LDN193189, ALK2 and ALK3 inhibitor; LiCl=Lithium chloride; LIF=Leukemia inhibitory Factor; M-CSF1= macrophage colony stimulating factor; NAM=Nicotinamide; NOG=Noggin; NT3=Neurotrophin 3; P=Passage; PD=PD0332991, CDK4/6 inhibitor; PDGFBB=platelet derived growth factor BB; PM=Purmorphamine; PVA=polyvinyl alcohol; RA=retinoic acid; SAG=sonic hedgehog signaling agonist; SB=SB431542, ALK4, 5 and 7 inhibitor; SCF= Stem Cell Factor; SSEA-1= stage-specific embryonic antigen 1; SHH=sonic hedgehog; T3=Triiodothyronine; TGFβ3=Transforming growth factor β-3; TPO=Thrombopoietin; VEGFA=vascular endothelial growth factor A; VPA=Valproic acid; XAV=XAV-939, Tankyrase blocker, inhibits WNT signaling.