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Whole-brain analysis identified the (A) insula/superior temporal gyrus (insula/STG) and (B) dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/supplementary motor area (dACC/SMA) showing smaller GMVs (left) in heavy vs. never smokers. We computed the GMVs and visualized the group differences in bars (right; error bar = SD). * * * p < 0.001 (Bonferroni correction for post-hoc multiple comparisons).
