Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2023 May 18;15(1):2211501. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2211501

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2023 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

PMC Copyright notice

Figure 2. — Differential metabolic profiles between anti-TNF-α therapy responders (R) and non-responders (NR) highlight that aberrant lipid metabolism with decreased palmitoleic acid (POA) are associated with compromised efficacy of anti-TNF-α therapy.

Note: (a) Volcano plot showing the differential fecal metabolites between anti-TNF-α therapy responders (R) and non-responders (NR) with IBD. The red points are 24 metabolites enriched in anti-TNF-α non-responders (NR) while the blue points are 27 metabolites enriched in anti-TNF-α responders (R) (R = 19, NR = 12).

(b) Heatmap of differential fecal metabolite profile in anti-TNF-α therapy responders (R) and non-responders (NR) with IBD. The metabolites with red box were enriched in responders and classified into lipid metabolism according to KEGG pathway.

(c) KEGG pathway classification of differential fecal metabolites between anti-TNF-α therapy responders (R) and non-responders (NR) with IBD.

(d) Volcano plot showing the differential serum metabolites between anti-TNF-α therapy responders (R) and non-responders (NR) with IBD. The red points are 12 metabolites enriched in anti-TNF-α non-responders (NR) while the blue points are 19 metabolites enriched in anti-TNF-α responders (R) (R = 6, NR = 6).

(e) Heatmap of differential serum metabolite profiles in anti-TNF-α therapy responders (R) and non-responders (NR) with IBD. The metabolites with red box were enriched in responders and classified into lipid metabolism according to KEGG pathway.

(f) KEGG pathway classification of differential serum metabolites between anti-TNF-α therapy responders (R) and non-responders (NR) with IBD.

(g) Black arrow indicates the metabolic pathway of triglycerides (16:0/R2/R3) to palmitoleic acid (C16:1).

(h) Palmitoleic acid is much higher in plasma samples in anti-TNF-α therapy responders (R) than non-responders (NR) with IBD (R = 26, NR = 24).

Data represent mean ± SEM; *P < 0.05. P values were calculated by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test (H). [The details for screening statistically differential metabolites in (a) and (d) are shown in Materials and Methods]