Table 2.

Risk-Bias Assessment of Included Studies

Ref	1. Did the Study Address a Clearly Focused Research Question?	2. Was the Assignment of Participants to Interventions Randomized?	3. Were All Participants Who Entered the Study Accounted for at Its Conclusion?	4. Were the Participants / Investigators / Assessors “Blind” to the Intervention They Were Given / Giving / Assessing?	5. Were the Study Groups Similar at the Start of the Randomized Controlled Trial?	6. Apart from the Experimental Intervention, Did Each Study Group Receive the Same Level of Care?	7. Were the Effects of Intervention Reported Comprehensively?	8. Was the Precision of the Estimate of the Intervention or Treatment Effect Reported?	9. Do the Benefits of the Experimental Intervention Outweigh the Harms and Costs?	10. Can the Results be Applied to Your Local Population / in Your Context?	11. Would the Experimental Intervention Provide Greater Value to the People in Your Care Than Any of the Existing Interventions?
Armstrong, 202325	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	?	+	+
Papp, 201824	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	?	+	+
Strober, 202326	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	?	+	+

Notes: The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) checklist for randomized controlled trials was used to assess risk and bias of included studies. Each study was appraised using the checklist and was awarded (+) for Yes, (-) for No, and (?) for Cannot tell for each question on the checklist.