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. 2023 May 22;92:104608. doi: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104608

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Experimental SARS-CoV-2 infection of a primary culture of human airway epithelium. (a–c) Confocal images of sections through a non-infected culture in an air-liquid interface setup; FOXJ1 puncta mark ciliated cells; N puncta are absent. KRT5/6-immunoreactive signal marks basal cells (a), CC16-immunoreactive signal marks club cells (b) and MUC5AC-immunoreactive signal marks goblet cells (c). (d–i) Confocal images of sections through a culture experimentally infected with an aliquot of a SARS-CoV-2 stock four days earlier. Ongoing viral replication is reflected by perinuclear orf1ab-sense puncta (d), S-sense puncta (e), and N-sense puncta (f) clustering with FOXJ1 puncta in ciliated cells. KRT5/6-immunoreactive basal cells do not harbour orf1ab-sense puncta (d) and CC16-immunoreactive club cells do not harbour S-sense puncta (e). (f) MUC5AC-immunoreactive goblet cells are absent in the infected culture. (g) N puncta are densely packed in a subset of cells. The dashed square in (g) is magnified in (h); perinuclear S-sense puncta cluster with N puncta. (i) In another section, four cells are diffusely filled with nucleocapsid-immunoreactive signal and harbour perinuclear N-sense puncta clustering with FOXJ1 puncta. DAPI served as nuclear stain. The names of RNAscope probes are in italics and the names of antigens/proteins that are revealed as immunoreactive signal by antibodies are in roman.