Table 1. Sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related characteristics of the sample. Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (n=854).
| Total sample (n=854) | Incident memory complaint | p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n=362) | Yes (n=492) | ||||
| Demographic | |||||
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 21.4 (18.7–24.2) | 56.0 (48.7–63.1) | 44.0 (36.9–51.3) | <0.001* | |
| Female | 78.6 (75.8–81.3) | 38.7 (35.0–42.4) | 61.3 (57.6–65.0) | ||
| Age, years | |||||
| 30 or younger | 38.9 (35.7–42.2) | 35.8 (30.9–41.2) | 64.2 (58.8–69.1) | <0.001† | |
| 31–59 | 52.5 (49.1–55.8) | 44.9 (40.3–49.5) | 55.1 (50.5–59.7) | ||
| 60 or older | 8.7 (7.0–10.8) | 56.8 (45.2–67.6) | 43.2 (32.4–54.8) | ||
| Educational achievement | |||||
| High school or lower | 30.0 (27.0–33.1) | 39.5 (33.6–45.6) | 60.5 (54.4–66.4) | 0.256* | |
| University degree or higher | 70.0 (66.9–73.0) | 43.6 (39.7–47.7) | 56.4 (52.3–60.3) | ||
| Skin color | |||||
| White | 91.1 (89.0–92.8) | 41.7 (38.3–45.2) | 58.3 (54.8–61.7) | 0.239* | |
| Mixed | 5.2 (3.9–6.9) | 47.7 (33.4–62.4) | 52.3 (37.5–66.6) | ||
| Black | 3.4 (2.4–4.9) | 48.3 (30.7–66.2) | 51.7 (33.8–69.3) | ||
| Other‡ | 0.4 (0.1–1.1) | n=2 | n=1 | ||
| Conjugal status | |||||
| With partner | 60.4 (57.1–63.7) | 44.6 (40.3–48.9) | 55.4 (51.1–59.7) | 0.110* | |
| Living alone | 39.6 (36.3–42.9) | 39.1 (34.0–44.4) | 60.9 (55.6–66.0) | ||
| COVID-19 pandemic-related | |||||
| Reduced monthly income | |||||
| No | 55.9 (52.5–59.2) | 46.5 (42.1–51.0) | 53.5 (49.0–57.9) | 0.006* | |
| Yes | 44.1 (40.8–47.5) | 37.1 (32.4–42.1) | 62.9 (57.9–67.6) | ||
| Daily routine | |||||
| At home most of the time | 6.6 (5.1–8.4) | 35.7 (24.2–49.1) | 64.3 (50.9–75.8) | 0.407† | |
| Left home only to essentials | 66.7 (63.5–69.8) | 41.9 (37.9–46.0) | 58.1 (54.0–62.1) | ||
| Left home all days | 26.7 (23.8–29.8) | 45.2 (38.8–51.7) | 54.8 (48.3–61.2) | ||
| Chronic conditions | |||||
| Hypertension | |||||
| No | 86.1 (83.6–88.2) | 42.4 (38.9–46.1) | 57.6 (53.9–61.1) | 0.929* | |
| Yes | 13.9 (11.8–16.4) | 42.0 (33.4–51.1) | 58.0 (48.9–66.6) | ||
| Diabetes | |||||
| No | 96.1 (94.6–97.2) | 42.8 (39.4–46.2) | 57.2 (53.8–60.6) | 0.283* | |
| Yes | 3.9 (2.8–5.4) | 33.3 (19.3–51.1) | 66.7 (48.9–80.7) | ||
| Depression | |||||
| No | 79.7 (76.9–82.3) | 44.3 (40.6–48.1) | 55.7 (51.9–59.4) | 0.002* | |
| Yes | 20.3 (17.7–23.1) | 34.7 (27.9–42.1) | 65.3 (57.9–72.1) | ||
| High cholesterol | |||||
| No | 88.6 (86.3–90.6) | 41.9 (38.4–45.4) | 58.1 (54.6–61.6) | 0.397* | |
| Yes | 11.4 (9.4–13.7) | 46.4 (36.7–56.4) | 53.6 (43.6–63.3) | ||
| Other | |||||
| No | 78.9 (76.1–81.5) | 42.6 (38.9–46.4) | 57.4 (53.6–61.1) | 0.825* | |
| Yes | 21.1 (18.5–23.9) | 41.7 (34.7–49.0) | 58.3 (51.0–65.3) | ||
| Psychiatric symptoms | |||||
| Worsened anxiety symptoms | |||||
| No | 51.1 (47.7–54.4) | 66.3 (61.2–71.0) | 39.8 (35.6–44.2) | <0.001* | |
| Yes | 49.9 (45.6–52.3) | 33.7 (29.0–38.7) | 60.2 (55.7–64.4) | ||
| Worsened depressive symptoms | |||||
| No | 69.3 (65.8–72.5) | 74.9 (69.9–79.2) | 64.4 (59.5–69.1) | 0.002* | |
| Yes | 30.7 (27.5–34.2) | 25.1 (20.8–30.1) | 35.6 (30.9–40.5) | ||
| Lack of access to prescribed medicine during the pandemic | |||||
| No | 27.8 (24.8–30.9) | 44.7 (38.5–51.1) | 55.3 (48.9–61.5) | 0.010* | |
| Yes | 6.2 (4.8–8.0) | 22.6 (13.2–36.0) | 77.4 (64.0–86.8) | ||
| No regular use of medicine | 43.3 (39.2–47.4) | 56.7 (52.6–60.8) | |||
| Nutritional | |||||
| Body mass index | |||||
| Normal | 44.9 (41.6–48.3) | 39.3 (34.5–44.3) | 60.7 (55.7–65.5) | 0.269† | |
| Overweight | 34.9 (31.8–38.2) | 43.8 (38.2–49.5) | 56.2 (50.5–61.8) | ||
| Obese | 20.2 (17.6–23.1) | 45.9 (38.6–53.4) | 54.1 (46.6–61.4) | ||
| Behavioral | |||||
| Physical activity at baseline | |||||
| Inactive | 73.8 (70.7–76.6) | 39.2 (35.5–43.1) | 60.8 (56.9–64.5) | 0.002* | |
| Active | 26.2 (23.4–29.3) | 51.3 (44.8–57.8) | 48.7 (42.2–55.2) | ||
Notes:
*
Chi-square test [% (95%CI)] to compare the difference in the proportion of participants among groups;
†
Linear trend test.
‡
Insufficient number of observations to calculate 95%CI.