Figure 8.

sVCL^S721p serves as a promising biomarker for CAD diagnosis. Measurements of the levels of sVCL^S721p and sVCL in the serum samples from the study cohort. Whole serum samples from the study cohort (see Supplementary material online, Table S4) were subjected to ELISA with antibodies against VCL^S721p and total VCL. All data were analyzed using the multivariate linear regression model and adjusted with multiple parameters, including age, sex, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia. (A–C) The forest plots of the associations between different CAD severities or clinical drug therapies and the levels of sVCL^S721p (A), sVCL (B), or sVCL^S721p/sVCL (C) in all cohorts (n = 162). The distributions of sVCL^S721p (A) and sVCL (B) were skewed, and a natural log transformation (ln) was performed before statistical analysis. (D) Schematic diagram summarizing the mechanisms by which disturbed flow induces vinculin phosphorylation at S721 residue in vascular endothelium and contribute to atherosclerosis development.