. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 May 22.

Published in final edited form as: FASEB J. 2021 Mar;35(3):e21376. doi: 10.1096/fj.202002350R

TABLE 3.

Clinical characteristics of CanCOLD subjects

Variable	Total N=63	Normal N=16	At Risk N=15	COPD N=32	p-values
Age, in year [mean(sd)]	67.00 ± 9.17	67.75 ± 5.84	65.53 ± 8.46	67.31 ± 10.86	0.974
Sex, male gender, n (%)	27 (42.86)	4 (25.00)	5 (33.33)	18 (56.25)	0.087
Tobacco smoking status, n (%)
Never	26 (41.27)	16 (100.00)^a	-	10 (31.25)^a	<0.001*
Ex-smokers	27 (42.86)	-	13 (86.67)^a	14 (43.75)^a	<0.001*
Current smokers	10 (15.87)	-	2 (13.33)	8 (25.00)	0.066
Cigarette smoker pack-years	15.16 ± 22.36	-	13.40 ± 10.61^a	23.57 ± 27.49^a	<0.001*
Post-bronchodilator spirometry
FEV₁, L	2.32 ± 0.68	2.38 ± 0.48	2.60 ± 0.60	2.16 ± 0.76	0.18
FEV₁, % predicted	91.73 ± 22.10	101.28 ± 11.33^a	100.18 ± 11.11^b	82.72 ± 26.52^ab	0.002*
FEV₁/FVC, %	68.99 ± 12.70	76.39 ± 4.22^a	78.61 ± 4.36^b	60.52 ± 12.68^ab	<0.001*
Emphysema score	0.89 ± 1.89	0.00	0.15 ± 0.55^a	1.63 ± 2.37^a	0.001*
Emphysema (score ≥ 1)	15 (24.59)	0 (0.0)^a	1 (7.69)^ab	14 (43.75)^ab	<0.001*
Bronchiolitis (score ≥ 2)	7 (11.48)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	7 (21.88)	0.194
Self-reported comorbidities, n (%)
Bronchiectasis	2 (3.2)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (6.3)	0.738
Pneumonia	8 (12.7)	0 (0.0)	1 (6.7)	7 (21.9)	0.078
Osteoporosis	12 (19.0)	1 (6.3)	3 (20.0)	8 (25.0)	0.344
Any Musculoskeletal	23 (36.5)	2 (12.5)^a	9 (60.0)^a	12 (37.5)	0.023*
Angina	5 (7.9)	0 (0.0)	1 (6.7)	4 (12.5)	0.419
Hypertension	20 (31.7)	5 (31.3)	7 (46.7)	8 (25.0)	0.33
CVD (excluding Hypertension)	13 (20.6)	2 (12.5)	2 (13.3)	9 (28.1)	0.426
Depression	3 (4.8)	1 (6.3)	1 (6.7)	1 (3.1)	0.8
Cataract	12 (19.0)	5 (31.3)	2 (13.3)	5 (15.6)	0.48
Glaucoma	7 (11.1)	2 (12.5)	2 (13.3)	3 (9.4)	0.883
Diabetes	5 (7.9)	2 (12.5)	1 (6.7)	2 (6.3)	0.831
Asthma	18 (28.6)	2 (12.5)^a	2 (13.3)	14 (43.8)^a	0.029*

Data presented as the mean ± SD.

^a,b,c

means with same letters are significantly different from each other after Tukey adjustment for multiple comparisons (p<0.05).