Figure 1.

Annual changes in DI (A), fasting glucose (B), fasting insulin (C), and HbA_1c fasting glucose (D) over 5 years in youth who converted to T2D (case patients; n = 6) compared with the extended cohort (n = 256) were examined by testing the interaction between diabetes status and time in the mixed-effects model. Analysis was performed on unadjusted data, as well as with adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and Tanner stage. In addition, adjustment for total fat, intra-abdominal adipose tissue, and other potential covariates was considered to examine whether and how much the differences in changes in insulin resistance, insulin secretion, and DI between diabetes status are mediated by changes in the covariates.