Table 1.
Baseline characteristics for youth who converted to T2D over study period (case patients) compared with control participants and total study cohort
| Case patients (n = 6) | Control participants (n = 30) | Total cohort (n = 262) | P * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 4 (67) | 16 (53) | 162 (59) | 0.7† |
| Female | 2 (33) | 14 (47) | 113 (41) | 0.3† |
| Age, years | 11.3 ± 2 | 11.2 ± 2 | 11.5 ± 2 | 0.9† |
| Weight, kg | 68.5 ± 26 | 65.8 ± 20 | 66.1 ± 20 | 0.7† |
| Height, cm | 152.5 ± 17 | 150.3 ± 13 | 151.1 ± 12 | 0.6† |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 28.3 ± 6 | 28.5 ± 5 | 28.3 ± 6 | 0.7† |
| BMI percentile | 96.9 ± 4 | 97.5 ± 3 | 96.5 ± 5 | 0.6† |
| <85th (normal) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 9 (3) | |
| ≥85th and ≤95th percentile (overweight) | 1 (17) | 4 (13) | 97 (35) | |
| ≥95th and 120% of 95th percentile (class I obesity) | 3 (50) | 15 (50) | 133 (48) | |
| >120% of 95th percentile (class II or III) | 2 (33) | 11 (37) | 80 (30) | |
| Tanner stage | 0.1‡ | |||
| 1 | 3 (50) | 7 (23) | 89 (32) | |
| 2 | 0 (0) | 8 (27) | 90 (33) | |
| 3 | 0 (0) | 4 (13) | 36 (13) | |
| 4 | 6 (20) | 40 (15) | ||
| 5 | 3 (50) | 5 (17) | 20 (7) | |
| Birth weight, kg | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 3.7 ± 0.8 | 3.7 ± 1.1 | 0.7† |
| Household education level | 0.2‡ | |||
| Lower than high school | 3 (50) | 17 (57) | 187 (68) | |
| Completed high school | 0 (0) | 12 (40) | 74 (27) | |
| Higher than high school | 3 (50) | 1 (3) | 14 (5) |
Data are presented as n (%) or mean ± SD. Control participants were selected with propensity score–matching sex, BMI, and pubertal status at ratio of five control participants per case patient.
*
Statistical comparison between group differences for case patients versus control participants.
†
Two-sample t test.
‡
Fisher exact test.