Table 2.
Anthropometrics, body composition, fat distribution, and outcomes from OGTT and FSIVGTT at baseline in youth who converted to T2D over study period (case patients) compared with control participants and total study cohort
| Case patients (n = 6) | Control participants (n = 30) | Total cohort (n = 262) | P * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Waist and skinfold measures | ||||
| Waist, cm | 89.5 (13.3) | 84.9 (13.1) | 89.5 (13.9) | 0.4 |
| Abdominal, mm | 31.8 (7.5) | 24.5 (10.8) | 29.0 (9.6) | 0.1 |
| Chest, mm | 13.9 (7.2) | 10.5 (6.9) | 12.6 (6.3) | 0.2 |
| Calf skinfold, mm | 18.4 (8.1) | 15.2 (8.8) | 18.0 (8.6) | 0.2 |
| Tricep skinfold, mm | 22.2 (11.6) | 15.3 (7.6) | 18.1 (8.5) | 0.1 |
| Adiposity measures via DEXA | ||||
| Total fat, kg | 26.0 (11.0) | 23.0 (8.9) | 25.3 (10.3) | 0.5 |
| Trunk fat, kg | 13.1 (5.8) | 11.0 (4.9) | 12.3 (5.4) | 0.5 |
| Total lean, kg | 39.4 (15.2) | 38.9 (12.0) | 38.0 (10.5) | 0.9 |
| Total bone, kg | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.9 (0.1) | 0.93 (0.1) | 0.9 |
| Percentage total fat | 38.8 (5.9) | 35.6 (6.8) | 38.2 (6.5) | 0.3 |
| Central adiposity via MRI | ||||
| IAAT, cm2 | 59.0 (13.0) | 40.3 (19.7) | 47.9 (21.9) | 0.1 |
| SAAT, cm2 | 371.6 (113.9) | 312.4 (145.7) | 337.0 (148.5) | 0.5 |
| IAAT to SAAT | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.4 |
| 2-h OGTT | ||||
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 88.4 (4.2) | 93.5 (6.3) | 93.0 (5.9) | 0.1 |
| 2-h glucose, mg/dL | 136.2 (17.2) | 130.5 (19.4) | 123.2 (17.9) | 0.5 |
| Fasting insulin, μU/mL | 25.5 (10.2) | 20.0 (10.7) | 19.2 (11.5) | 0.2 |
| 2-h insulin, μU/mL | 184.3 (153.9) | 195.3 (150.8) | 145.6 (122.7) | 0.9 |
| Glucose AUC, mg*h/dL | 288.7 (46.4) | 281.5 (33.8) | 266.7 (32.8) | 0.7 |
| Insulin AUC, μU*h/mL | 349.1 (216.2) | 364.4 (271.1) | 307.4 (193.4) | 0.9 |
| FSIVGTT | ||||
| SI, ×10−4 min−1/(μU/mL) | 1.6 (1.0) | 1.8 (1.3) | 2.1 (1.4) | 0.4 |
| AIR, μU/mL | 1,262.0 (494.3) | 1,549.6 (1,119.9) | 1,688.6 (1,226.1) | 0.6 |
| DI, ×10−4 m−1 | 1,950.5 (1,246.9) | 1,867.9 (870.7) | 2,499.3 (1,163.2) | 0.9 |
| SG, %/min | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.4 |
Data are presented as mean (SD). Control participants were selected with propensity score–matching sex, BMI, and pubertal status at ratio of five control participants per case patient.
IAAT, intra-abdominal adipose tissue; SAAT, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue; SG, glucose effectiveness index.
*
Statistical comparison between group differences for case patients versus control participants based on two-sample t test.