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. 2023 May 11;29(5):1146–1154. doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02343-2

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a, Detailed longitudinal immunophenotyping studies were performed on individuals with severe obesity (magenta, n = 22) and normal BMI control individuals (black, n = 46). Samples were obtained 6 months after the second dose of COVID-19 vaccine (V2) administered as part of their primary vaccination course and at several timepoints after the third dose (V3) as indicated. b, Anti-spike IgG titers are similar in individuals with severe obesity (n = 22, magenta) and individuals with normal weight (n = 41, black) 6 months after primary vaccination course. Horizontal bars indicate the median and interquartile range. c, NT₅₀ against wild-type SARS-CoV-2, with the dotted line indicating the limit of quantification. Horizontal bars indicate the median and interquartile range. **P = 0.061 in two-sided Mann–Whitney test. d, Proportion of individuals in both groups with unquantifiable or undetectable versus quantifiable titers of neutralizing antibodies. e, Frequency of antigen-experienced (IgD⁻) RBD-binding (RBD⁺) B cells 6 months after the primary vaccination course. Data are expressed as a percentage (%) of the total number of lymphocytes in individuals with severe obesity (n = 18, magenta) and individuals with normal weight (n = 15, black). Horizontal bars indicate the median and interquartile range. P values are from Mann–Whitney U-tests. NS, not significant.

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