Extended Data Fig. 5. Risk factor for patients without chronic pancreatitis.

To assess to what extent the inclusion of people with chronic pancreatitis might boost model performance artificially, we have evaluated model performance for predicting cancer within 12 months for all patients above the age of 50, excluding data from the last three months before the PC diagnosis, for all cases without chronic pancreatitis and closely related conditions (ICD10 codes K86), for comparison with Fig. 4d in the paper. Result: the relative risk remains nearly the same, proving that including patients with chronic pancreatitis does not affect model performance. Moreover, this is supporting evidence for the robustness of the model that bases its prediction not on single diagnoses but rather on the entire set of codes in disease trajectories.